Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions

このデッキのカード

1. カード 1

   質問

   Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function

   回答

   Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.

2. カード 2

   質問

   Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function

   回答

   Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.

3. カード 3

   質問

   Cell structure: nucleus → primary function

   回答

   Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.

4. カード 4

   質問

   Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function

   回答

   Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.

5. カード 5

   質問

   Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?

   回答

   Plasma membrane (cell membrane).

6. カード 6

   質問

   Cell structure: ribosome → primary function

   回答

   Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.

7. カード 7

   質問

   Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?

   回答

   Cytoplasm.

8. カード 8

   質問

   Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function

   回答

   Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.

9. カード 9

   質問

   Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?

   回答

   Nucleus.

10. カード 10

    質問

    Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function

    回答

    Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.

11. カード 11

    質問

    Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?

    回答

    Nucleolus.

12. カード 12

    質問

    Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function

    回答

    Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.

13. カード 13

    質問

    Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?

    回答

    Ribosome.

14. カード 14

    質問

    Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function

    回答

    Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.

15. カード 15

    質問

    Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?

    回答

    Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).

16. カード 16

    質問

    Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function

    回答

    Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.

17. カード 17

    質問

    Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?

    回答

    Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).

18. カード 18

    質問

    Cell structure: lysosome → primary function

    回答

    Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.

19. カード 19

    質問

    Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?

    回答

    Golgi apparatus.

20. カード 20

    質問

    Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function

    回答

    Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.

21. カード 21

    質問

    Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?

    回答

    Transport vesicle.

22. カード 22

    質問

    Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function

    回答

    Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.

23. カード 23

    質問

    Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?

    回答

    Mitochondrion.

24. カード 24

    質問

    Cell structure: microtubule → primary function

    回答

    Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.

25. カード 25

    質問

    Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?

    回答

    Lysosome.

26. カード 26

    質問

    Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function

    回答

    Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.

27. カード 27

    質問

    Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?

    回答

    Peroxisome.

28. カード 28

    質問

    Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function

    回答

    Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.

29. カード 29

    質問

    Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?

    回答

    Cytoskeleton.

30. カード 30

    質問

    Cell structure: centrosome → primary function

    回答

    Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.

31. カード 31

    質問

    Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?

    回答

    Microtubule.

32. カード 32

    質問

    Cell structure: centriole → primary function

    回答

    Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.

33. カード 33

    質問

    Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?

    回答

    Microfilament (actin filament).

34. カード 34

    質問

    Cell structure: cilium → primary function

    回答

    Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.

35. カード 35

    質問

    Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?

    回答

    Intermediate filament.

36. カード 36

    質問

    Cell structure: flagellum → primary function

    回答

    Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.

37. カード 37

    質問

    Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?

    回答

    Centrosome.

38. カード 38

    質問

    Cell structure: cell wall → primary function

    回答

    Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.

39. カード 39

    質問

    Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?

    回答

    Centriole.

40. カード 40

    質問

    Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function

    回答

    Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.

41. カード 41

    質問

    Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?

    回答

    Cilium.

42. カード 42

    質問

    Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function

    回答

    Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.

43. カード 43

    質問

    Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?

    回答

    Flagellum.

44. カード 44

    質問

    Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function

    回答

    Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.

45. カード 45

    質問

    Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?

    回答

    Cell wall.

46. カード 46

    質問

    Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?

    回答

    Chloroplast.

47. カード 47

    質問

    Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?

    回答

    Central vacuole.

48. カード 48

    質問

    Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?

    回答

    Plasmodesma.

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Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions

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