Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
Sobre este mazo
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
Tarjetas de este mazo
Tarjeta 1
Pregunta
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
Respuesta
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
Tarjeta 2
Pregunta
Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
Respuesta
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
Tarjeta 3
Pregunta
Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
Respuesta
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
Tarjeta 4
Pregunta
Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
Respuesta
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
Tarjeta 5
Pregunta
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
Respuesta
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
Tarjeta 6
Pregunta
Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
Respuesta
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
Tarjeta 7
Pregunta
Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
Respuesta
Cytoplasm.
Tarjeta 8
Pregunta
Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Respuesta
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
Tarjeta 9
Pregunta
Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
Respuesta
Nucleus.
Tarjeta 10
Pregunta
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Respuesta
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
Tarjeta 11
Pregunta
Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
Respuesta
Nucleolus.
Tarjeta 12
Pregunta
Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
Respuesta
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
Tarjeta 13
Pregunta
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
Respuesta
Ribosome.
Tarjeta 14
Pregunta
Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
Respuesta
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
Tarjeta 15
Pregunta
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
Respuesta
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
Tarjeta 16
Pregunta
Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
Respuesta
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
Tarjeta 17
Pregunta
Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
Respuesta
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
Tarjeta 18
Pregunta
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
Respuesta
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
Tarjeta 19
Pregunta
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
Respuesta
Golgi apparatus.
Tarjeta 20
Pregunta
Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
Respuesta
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
Tarjeta 21
Pregunta
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
Respuesta
Transport vesicle.
Tarjeta 22
Pregunta
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
Respuesta
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
Tarjeta 23
Pregunta
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
Respuesta
Mitochondrion.
Tarjeta 24
Pregunta
Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
Respuesta
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
Tarjeta 25
Pregunta
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
Respuesta
Lysosome.
Tarjeta 26
Pregunta
Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
Respuesta
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
Tarjeta 27
Pregunta
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
Respuesta
Peroxisome.
Tarjeta 28
Pregunta
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
Respuesta
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
Tarjeta 29
Pregunta
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
Respuesta
Cytoskeleton.
Tarjeta 30
Pregunta
Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
Respuesta
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
Tarjeta 31
Pregunta
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
Respuesta
Microtubule.
Tarjeta 32
Pregunta
Cell structure: centriole → primary function
Respuesta
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
Tarjeta 33
Pregunta
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
Respuesta
Microfilament (actin filament).
Tarjeta 34
Pregunta
Cell structure: cilium → primary function
Respuesta
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
Tarjeta 35
Pregunta
Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
Respuesta
Intermediate filament.
Tarjeta 36
Pregunta
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
Respuesta
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
Tarjeta 37
Pregunta
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
Respuesta
Centrosome.
Tarjeta 38
Pregunta
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
Respuesta
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
Tarjeta 39
Pregunta
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
Respuesta
Centriole.
Tarjeta 40
Pregunta
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
Respuesta
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Tarjeta 41
Pregunta
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
Respuesta
Cilium.
Tarjeta 42
Pregunta
Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
Respuesta
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
Tarjeta 43
Pregunta
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
Respuesta
Flagellum.
Tarjeta 44
Pregunta
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
Respuesta
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
Tarjeta 45
Pregunta
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
Respuesta
Cell wall.
Tarjeta 46
Pregunta
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
Respuesta
Chloroplast.
Tarjeta 47
Pregunta
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
Respuesta
Central vacuole.
Tarjeta 48
Pregunta
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
Respuesta
Plasmodesma.
48 tarjetas
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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