Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
关于这套卡组
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
这套卡组中的卡片
卡片 1
问题
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
答案
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
卡片 2
问题
Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
答案
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
卡片 3
问题
Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
答案
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
卡片 4
问题
Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
答案
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
卡片 5
问题
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
答案
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
卡片 6
问题
Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
答案
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
卡片 7
问题
Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
答案
Cytoplasm.
卡片 8
问题
Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
答案
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
卡片 9
问题
Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
答案
Nucleus.
卡片 10
问题
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
答案
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
卡片 11
问题
Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
答案
Nucleolus.
卡片 12
问题
Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
答案
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
卡片 13
问题
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
答案
Ribosome.
卡片 14
问题
Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
答案
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
卡片 15
问题
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
答案
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
卡片 16
问题
Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
答案
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
卡片 17
问题
Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
答案
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
卡片 18
问题
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
答案
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
卡片 19
问题
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
答案
Golgi apparatus.
卡片 20
问题
Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
答案
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
卡片 21
问题
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
答案
Transport vesicle.
卡片 22
问题
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
答案
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
卡片 23
问题
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
答案
Mitochondrion.
卡片 24
问题
Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
答案
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
卡片 25
问题
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
答案
Lysosome.
卡片 26
问题
Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
答案
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
卡片 27
问题
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
答案
Peroxisome.
卡片 28
问题
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
答案
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
卡片 29
问题
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
答案
Cytoskeleton.
卡片 30
问题
Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
答案
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
卡片 31
问题
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
答案
Microtubule.
卡片 32
问题
Cell structure: centriole → primary function
答案
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
卡片 33
问题
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
答案
Microfilament (actin filament).
卡片 34
问题
Cell structure: cilium → primary function
答案
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
卡片 35
问题
Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
答案
Intermediate filament.
卡片 36
问题
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
答案
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
卡片 37
问题
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
答案
Centrosome.
卡片 38
问题
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
答案
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
卡片 39
问题
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
答案
Centriole.
卡片 40
问题
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
答案
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
卡片 41
问题
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
答案
Cilium.
卡片 42
问题
Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
答案
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
卡片 43
问题
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
答案
Flagellum.
卡片 44
问题
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
答案
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
卡片 45
问题
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
答案
Cell wall.
卡片 46
问题
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
答案
Chloroplast.
卡片 47
问题
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
答案
Central vacuole.
卡片 48
问题
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
答案
Plasmodesma.
48张卡片
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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