Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions

Cards in this deck

1. Card 1

   Question

   Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function

   Answer

   Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.

2. Card 2

   Question

   Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function

   Answer

   Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.

3. Card 3

   Question

   Cell structure: nucleus → primary function

   Answer

   Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.

4. Card 4

   Question

   Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function

   Answer

   Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.

5. Card 5

   Question

   Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?

   Answer

   Plasma membrane (cell membrane).

6. Card 6

   Question

   Cell structure: ribosome → primary function

   Answer

   Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.

7. Card 7

   Question

   Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?

   Answer

   Cytoplasm.

8. Card 8

   Question

   Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function

   Answer

   Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.

9. Card 9

   Question

   Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?

   Answer

   Nucleus.

10. Card 10

    Question

    Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function

    Answer

    Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.

11. Card 11

    Question

    Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?

    Answer

    Nucleolus.

12. Card 12

    Question

    Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function

    Answer

    Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.

13. Card 13

    Question

    Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?

    Answer

    Ribosome.

14. Card 14

    Question

    Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function

    Answer

    Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.

15. Card 15

    Question

    Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?

    Answer

    Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).

16. Card 16

    Question

    Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function

    Answer

    Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.

17. Card 17

    Question

    Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?

    Answer

    Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).

18. Card 18

    Question

    Cell structure: lysosome → primary function

    Answer

    Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.

19. Card 19

    Question

    Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?

    Answer

    Golgi apparatus.

20. Card 20

    Question

    Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function

    Answer

    Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.

21. Card 21

    Question

    Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?

    Answer

    Transport vesicle.

22. Card 22

    Question

    Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function

    Answer

    Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.

23. Card 23

    Question

    Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?

    Answer

    Mitochondrion.

24. Card 24

    Question

    Cell structure: microtubule → primary function

    Answer

    Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.

25. Card 25

    Question

    Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?

    Answer

    Lysosome.

26. Card 26

    Question

    Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function

    Answer

    Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.

27. Card 27

    Question

    Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?

    Answer

    Peroxisome.

28. Card 28

    Question

    Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function

    Answer

    Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.

29. Card 29

    Question

    Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?

    Answer

    Cytoskeleton.

30. Card 30

    Question

    Cell structure: centrosome → primary function

    Answer

    Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.

31. Card 31

    Question

    Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?

    Answer

    Microtubule.

32. Card 32

    Question

    Cell structure: centriole → primary function

    Answer

    Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.

33. Card 33

    Question

    Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?

    Answer

    Microfilament (actin filament).

34. Card 34

    Question

    Cell structure: cilium → primary function

    Answer

    Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.

35. Card 35

    Question

    Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?

    Answer

    Intermediate filament.

36. Card 36

    Question

    Cell structure: flagellum → primary function

    Answer

    Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.

37. Card 37

    Question

    Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?

    Answer

    Centrosome.

38. Card 38

    Question

    Cell structure: cell wall → primary function

    Answer

    Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.

39. Card 39

    Question

    Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?

    Answer

    Centriole.

40. Card 40

    Question

    Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function

    Answer

    Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.

41. Card 41

    Question

    Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?

    Answer

    Cilium.

42. Card 42

    Question

    Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function

    Answer

    Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.

43. Card 43

    Question

    Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?

    Answer

    Flagellum.

44. Card 44

    Question

    Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function

    Answer

    Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.

45. Card 45

    Question

    Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?

    Answer

    Cell wall.

46. Card 46

    Question

    Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?

    Answer

    Chloroplast.

47. Card 47

    Question

    Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?

    Answer

    Central vacuole.

48. Card 48

    Question

    Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?

    Answer

    Plasmodesma.

48 cards

Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions

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