Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
इस डेक के बारे में
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
इस डेक के कार्ड
कार्ड 1
प्रश्न
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
उत्तर
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
कार्ड 2
प्रश्न
Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
उत्तर
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
कार्ड 3
प्रश्न
Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
उत्तर
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
कार्ड 4
प्रश्न
Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
उत्तर
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
कार्ड 5
प्रश्न
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
उत्तर
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
कार्ड 6
प्रश्न
Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
उत्तर
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
कार्ड 7
प्रश्न
Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
उत्तर
Cytoplasm.
कार्ड 8
प्रश्न
Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
उत्तर
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
कार्ड 9
प्रश्न
Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
उत्तर
Nucleus.
कार्ड 10
प्रश्न
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
उत्तर
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
कार्ड 11
प्रश्न
Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
उत्तर
Nucleolus.
कार्ड 12
प्रश्न
Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
उत्तर
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
कार्ड 13
प्रश्न
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
उत्तर
Ribosome.
कार्ड 14
प्रश्न
Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
उत्तर
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
कार्ड 15
प्रश्न
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
उत्तर
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
कार्ड 16
प्रश्न
Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
उत्तर
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
कार्ड 17
प्रश्न
Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
उत्तर
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
कार्ड 18
प्रश्न
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
उत्तर
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
कार्ड 19
प्रश्न
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
उत्तर
Golgi apparatus.
कार्ड 20
प्रश्न
Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
उत्तर
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
कार्ड 21
प्रश्न
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
उत्तर
Transport vesicle.
कार्ड 22
प्रश्न
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
उत्तर
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
कार्ड 23
प्रश्न
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
उत्तर
Mitochondrion.
कार्ड 24
प्रश्न
Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
उत्तर
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
कार्ड 25
प्रश्न
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
उत्तर
Lysosome.
कार्ड 26
प्रश्न
Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
उत्तर
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
कार्ड 27
प्रश्न
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
उत्तर
Peroxisome.
कार्ड 28
प्रश्न
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
उत्तर
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
कार्ड 29
प्रश्न
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
उत्तर
Cytoskeleton.
कार्ड 30
प्रश्न
Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
उत्तर
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
कार्ड 31
प्रश्न
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
उत्तर
Microtubule.
कार्ड 32
प्रश्न
Cell structure: centriole → primary function
उत्तर
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
कार्ड 33
प्रश्न
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
उत्तर
Microfilament (actin filament).
कार्ड 34
प्रश्न
Cell structure: cilium → primary function
उत्तर
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
कार्ड 35
प्रश्न
Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
उत्तर
Intermediate filament.
कार्ड 36
प्रश्न
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
उत्तर
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
कार्ड 37
प्रश्न
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
उत्तर
Centrosome.
कार्ड 38
प्रश्न
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
उत्तर
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
कार्ड 39
प्रश्न
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
उत्तर
Centriole.
कार्ड 40
प्रश्न
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
उत्तर
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
कार्ड 41
प्रश्न
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
उत्तर
Cilium.
कार्ड 42
प्रश्न
Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
उत्तर
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
कार्ड 43
प्रश्न
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
उत्तर
Flagellum.
कार्ड 44
प्रश्न
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
उत्तर
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
कार्ड 45
प्रश्न
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
उत्तर
Cell wall.
कार्ड 46
प्रश्न
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
उत्तर
Chloroplast.
कार्ड 47
प्रश्न
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
उत्तर
Central vacuole.
कार्ड 48
प्रश्न
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
उत्तर
Plasmodesma.
48 कार्ड
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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