Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

Question 1

In what order are sharps added to key signatures?

Accepted Answer

F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

Question 2

What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?

Accepted Answer

The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.

Question 3

What makes a major key and a minor key relative?

Accepted Answer

They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.

Question 4

How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?

Accepted Answer

Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.

Question 5

In what order are flats added to key signatures?

Accepted Answer

B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

Question 6

What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?

Accepted Answer

The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.

Question 7

Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?

Accepted Answer

Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.

Question 8

How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?

Accepted Answer

Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.

Question 9

How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?

Accepted Answer

They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.

Question 10

What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?

Accepted Answer

Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.

Question 11

What is the key signature of C major?

Accepted Answer

No sharps or flats.

Question 12

What is the key signature of G major?

Accepted Answer

1 sharp: F♯.

Question 13

What is the key signature of F major?

Accepted Answer

1 flat: B♭.

Question 14

What is the key signature of D major?

Accepted Answer

2 sharps: F♯, C♯.

Question 15

What is the key signature of B♭ major?

Accepted Answer

2 flats: B♭, E♭.

Question 16

What is the key signature of A major?

Accepted Answer

3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.

Question 17

What is the key signature of E♭ major?

Accepted Answer

3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.

Question 18

What is the key signature of E major?

Accepted Answer

4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.

Question 19

What is the key signature of A♭ major?

Accepted Answer

4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.

Question 20

What is the key signature of B major?

Accepted Answer

5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.

Question 21

What is the key signature of D♭ major?

Accepted Answer

5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.

Question 22

What is the key signature of F♯ major?

Accepted Answer

6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.

Question 23

What is the key signature of G♭ major?

Accepted Answer

6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.

Question 24

What is the key signature of C♯ major?

Accepted Answer

7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

Question 25

What is the key signature of C♭ major?

Accepted Answer

7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

Question 26

No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

C major and A minor.

Question 27

2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

B♭ major and G minor.

Question 28

4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

A♭ major and F minor.

Question 29

6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

G♭ major and E♭ minor.

Question 30

1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

G major and E minor.

Question 31

3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

A major and F♯ minor.

Question 32

5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

B major and G♯ minor.

Question 33

7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

C♯ major and A♯ minor.

Question 34

1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

F major and D minor.

Question 35

3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

E♭ major and C minor.

Question 36

5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

D♭ major and B♭ minor.

Question 37

7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

C♭ major and A♭ minor.

Question 38

2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

D major and B minor.

Question 39

4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

E major and C♯ minor.

Question 40

6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

Accepted Answer

F♯ major and D♯ minor.

Question 41

What is the relative minor of C major?

Accepted Answer

A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

Question 42

What is the relative minor of E major?

Accepted Answer

C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.

Question 43

What is the relative minor of C♭ major?

Accepted Answer

A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.

Question 44

What is the relative minor of E♭ major?

Accepted Answer

C minor. Both keys have three flats.

Question 45

What is the relative minor of C♯ major?

Accepted Answer

A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.

Question 46

What is the relative minor of A major?

Accepted Answer

F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.

Question 47

What is the relative minor of G♭ major?

Accepted Answer

E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.

Question 48

What is the relative minor of B♭ major?

Accepted Answer

G minor. Both keys have two flats.

Question 49

What is the relative minor of F♯ major?

Accepted Answer

D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.

Question 50

What is the relative minor of D major?

Accepted Answer

B minor. Both keys have two sharps.

Question 51

What is the relative minor of D♭ major?

Accepted Answer

B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.

Question 52

What is the relative minor of F major?

Accepted Answer

D minor. Both keys have one flat.

Question 53

What is the relative minor of B major?

Accepted Answer

G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.

Question 54

What is the relative minor of G major?

Accepted Answer

E minor. Both keys have one sharp.

Question 55

What is the relative minor of A♭ major?

Accepted Answer

F minor. Both keys have four flats.

Question 56

What is the relative major of B minor?

Accepted Answer

D major. Both keys have two sharps.

Question 57

What is the relative major of A♭ minor?

Accepted Answer

C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.

Question 58

What is the relative major of B♭ minor?

Accepted Answer

D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.

Question 59

What is the relative major of C minor?

Accepted Answer

E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.

Question 60

What is the relative major of D minor?

Accepted Answer

F major. Both keys have one flat.

Question 61

What is the relative major of A♯ minor?

Accepted Answer

C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.

Question 62

What is the relative major of G♯ minor?

Accepted Answer

B major. Both keys have five sharps.

Question 63

What is the relative major of F♯ minor?

Accepted Answer

A major. Both keys have three sharps.

Question 64

What is the relative major of E minor?

Accepted Answer

G major. Both keys have one sharp.

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