Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Über dieses Lernkartenset
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Karten in diesem Lernkartenset
Karte 1
Frage
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Antwort
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Karte 2
Frage
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Antwort
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Karte 3
Frage
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Antwort
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Karte 4
Frage
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Antwort
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Karte 5
Frage
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Antwort
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Karte 6
Frage
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Antwort
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Karte 7
Frage
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Antwort
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Karte 8
Frage
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Antwort
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Karte 9
Frage
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Antwort
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Karte 10
Frage
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Antwort
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Karte 11
Frage
What is the key signature of C major?
Antwort
No sharps or flats.
Karte 12
Frage
What is the key signature of G major?
Antwort
1 sharp: F♯.
Karte 13
Frage
What is the key signature of F major?
Antwort
1 flat: B♭.
Karte 14
Frage
What is the key signature of D major?
Antwort
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Karte 15
Frage
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Antwort
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Karte 16
Frage
What is the key signature of A major?
Antwort
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Karte 17
Frage
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Antwort
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Karte 18
Frage
What is the key signature of E major?
Antwort
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Karte 19
Frage
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Antwort
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Karte 20
Frage
What is the key signature of B major?
Antwort
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Karte 21
Frage
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Antwort
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Karte 22
Frage
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Antwort
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Karte 23
Frage
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Antwort
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Karte 24
Frage
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Antwort
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Karte 25
Frage
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Antwort
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Karte 26
Frage
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
C major and A minor.
Karte 27
Frage
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
B♭ major and G minor.
Karte 28
Frage
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
A♭ major and F minor.
Karte 29
Frage
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Karte 30
Frage
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
G major and E minor.
Karte 31
Frage
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
A major and F♯ minor.
Karte 32
Frage
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
B major and G♯ minor.
Karte 33
Frage
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Karte 34
Frage
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
F major and D minor.
Karte 35
Frage
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
E♭ major and C minor.
Karte 36
Frage
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Karte 37
Frage
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Karte 38
Frage
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
D major and B minor.
Karte 39
Frage
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
E major and C♯ minor.
Karte 40
Frage
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Antwort
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Karte 41
Frage
What is the relative minor of C major?
Antwort
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Karte 42
Frage
What is the relative minor of E major?
Antwort
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Karte 43
Frage
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Antwort
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Karte 44
Frage
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Antwort
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Karte 45
Frage
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Antwort
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Karte 46
Frage
What is the relative minor of A major?
Antwort
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Karte 47
Frage
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Antwort
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Karte 48
Frage
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Antwort
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Karte 49
Frage
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Antwort
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Karte 50
Frage
What is the relative minor of D major?
Antwort
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Karte 51
Frage
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Antwort
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Karte 52
Frage
What is the relative minor of F major?
Antwort
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Karte 53
Frage
What is the relative minor of B major?
Antwort
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Karte 54
Frage
What is the relative minor of G major?
Antwort
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Karte 55
Frage
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Antwort
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Karte 56
Frage
What is the relative major of B minor?
Antwort
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Karte 57
Frage
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Antwort
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Karte 58
Frage
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Antwort
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Karte 59
Frage
What is the relative major of C minor?
Antwort
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Karte 60
Frage
What is the relative major of D minor?
Antwort
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Karte 61
Frage
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Antwort
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Karte 62
Frage
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Antwort
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Karte 63
Frage
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Antwort
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Karte 64
Frage
What is the relative major of E minor?
Antwort
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Karte 65
Frage
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Antwort
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Karte 66
Frage
What is the relative major of F minor?
Antwort
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Karte 67
Frage
What is the relative major of G minor?
Antwort
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Karte 68
Frage
What is the relative major of A minor?
Antwort
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Karte 69
Frage
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Antwort
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Karte 70
Frage
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Antwort
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Karte 71
Frage
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Karte 72
Frage
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Antwort
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Karte 73
Frage
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Karte 74
Frage
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Karte 75
Frage
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Karte 76
Frage
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Karte 77
Frage
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Karte 78
Frage
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Karte 79
Frage
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Antwort
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Karte 80
Frage
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Karte 81
Frage
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Karte 82
Frage
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Karte 83
Frage
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Karte 84
Frage
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Antwort
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Karte 85
Frage
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Karte 86
Frage
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Karte 87
Frage
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Antwort
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 Karten
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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