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Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.

作者 Open Study Contributor

关于这套卡组

Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.

What the cards practice

  • Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
  • Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
  • Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
  • Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
  • Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
  • Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.

The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.

The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.

Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.

这套卡组中的卡片

  1. 卡片 1

    问题

    In what order are sharps added to key signatures?

    答案

    F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  2. 卡片 2

    问题

    What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?

    答案

    The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.

  3. 卡片 3

    问题

    What makes a major key and a minor key relative?

    答案

    They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.

  4. 卡片 4

    问题

    How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?

    答案

    Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.

  5. 卡片 5

    问题

    In what order are flats added to key signatures?

    答案

    B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  6. 卡片 6

    问题

    What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?

    答案

    The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.

  7. 卡片 7

    问题

    Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?

    答案

    Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.

  8. 卡片 8

    问题

    How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?

    答案

    Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.

  9. 卡片 9

    问题

    How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?

    答案

    They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.

  10. 卡片 10

    问题

    What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?

    答案

    Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.

  11. 卡片 11

    问题

    What is the key signature of C major?

    答案

    No sharps or flats.

  12. 卡片 12

    问题

    What is the key signature of G major?

    答案

    1 sharp: F♯.

  13. 卡片 13

    问题

    What is the key signature of F major?

    答案

    1 flat: B♭.

  14. 卡片 14

    问题

    What is the key signature of D major?

    答案

    2 sharps: F♯, C♯.

  15. 卡片 15

    问题

    What is the key signature of B♭ major?

    答案

    2 flats: B♭, E♭.

  16. 卡片 16

    问题

    What is the key signature of A major?

    答案

    3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.

  17. 卡片 17

    问题

    What is the key signature of E♭ major?

    答案

    3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.

  18. 卡片 18

    问题

    What is the key signature of E major?

    答案

    4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.

  19. 卡片 19

    问题

    What is the key signature of A♭ major?

    答案

    4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.

  20. 卡片 20

    问题

    What is the key signature of B major?

    答案

    5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.

  21. 卡片 21

    问题

    What is the key signature of D♭ major?

    答案

    5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.

  22. 卡片 22

    问题

    What is the key signature of F♯ major?

    答案

    6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.

  23. 卡片 23

    问题

    What is the key signature of G♭ major?

    答案

    6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.

  24. 卡片 24

    问题

    What is the key signature of C♯ major?

    答案

    7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  25. 卡片 25

    问题

    What is the key signature of C♭ major?

    答案

    7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  26. 卡片 26

    问题

    No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    C major and A minor.

  27. 卡片 27

    问题

    2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    B♭ major and G minor.

  28. 卡片 28

    问题

    4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    A♭ major and F minor.

  29. 卡片 29

    问题

    6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    G♭ major and E♭ minor.

  30. 卡片 30

    问题

    1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    G major and E minor.

  31. 卡片 31

    问题

    3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    A major and F♯ minor.

  32. 卡片 32

    问题

    5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    B major and G♯ minor.

  33. 卡片 33

    问题

    7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    C♯ major and A♯ minor.

  34. 卡片 34

    问题

    1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    F major and D minor.

  35. 卡片 35

    问题

    3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    E♭ major and C minor.

  36. 卡片 36

    问题

    5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    D♭ major and B♭ minor.

  37. 卡片 37

    问题

    7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    C♭ major and A♭ minor.

  38. 卡片 38

    问题

    2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    D major and B minor.

  39. 卡片 39

    问题

    4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    E major and C♯ minor.

  40. 卡片 40

    问题

    6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    答案

    F♯ major and D♯ minor.

  41. 卡片 41

    问题

    What is the relative minor of C major?

    答案

    A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  42. 卡片 42

    问题

    What is the relative minor of E major?

    答案

    C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.

  43. 卡片 43

    问题

    What is the relative minor of C♭ major?

    答案

    A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.

  44. 卡片 44

    问题

    What is the relative minor of E♭ major?

    答案

    C minor. Both keys have three flats.

  45. 卡片 45

    问题

    What is the relative minor of C♯ major?

    答案

    A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.

  46. 卡片 46

    问题

    What is the relative minor of A major?

    答案

    F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.

  47. 卡片 47

    问题

    What is the relative minor of G♭ major?

    答案

    E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.

  48. 卡片 48

    问题

    What is the relative minor of B♭ major?

    答案

    G minor. Both keys have two flats.

  49. 卡片 49

    问题

    What is the relative minor of F♯ major?

    答案

    D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.

  50. 卡片 50

    问题

    What is the relative minor of D major?

    答案

    B minor. Both keys have two sharps.

  51. 卡片 51

    问题

    What is the relative minor of D♭ major?

    答案

    B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.

  52. 卡片 52

    问题

    What is the relative minor of F major?

    答案

    D minor. Both keys have one flat.

  53. 卡片 53

    问题

    What is the relative minor of B major?

    答案

    G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.

  54. 卡片 54

    问题

    What is the relative minor of G major?

    答案

    E minor. Both keys have one sharp.

  55. 卡片 55

    问题

    What is the relative minor of A♭ major?

    答案

    F minor. Both keys have four flats.

  56. 卡片 56

    问题

    What is the relative major of B minor?

    答案

    D major. Both keys have two sharps.

  57. 卡片 57

    问题

    What is the relative major of A♭ minor?

    答案

    C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.

  58. 卡片 58

    问题

    What is the relative major of B♭ minor?

    答案

    D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.

  59. 卡片 59

    问题

    What is the relative major of C minor?

    答案

    E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.

  60. 卡片 60

    问题

    What is the relative major of D minor?

    答案

    F major. Both keys have one flat.

  61. 卡片 61

    问题

    What is the relative major of A♯ minor?

    答案

    C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.

  62. 卡片 62

    问题

    What is the relative major of G♯ minor?

    答案

    B major. Both keys have five sharps.

  63. 卡片 63

    问题

    What is the relative major of F♯ minor?

    答案

    A major. Both keys have three sharps.

  64. 卡片 64

    问题

    What is the relative major of E minor?

    答案

    G major. Both keys have one sharp.

  65. 卡片 65

    问题

    What is the relative major of E♭ minor?

    答案

    G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.

  66. 卡片 66

    问题

    What is the relative major of F minor?

    答案

    A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.

  67. 卡片 67

    问题

    What is the relative major of G minor?

    答案

    B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.

  68. 卡片 68

    问题

    What is the relative major of A minor?

    答案

    C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  69. 卡片 69

    问题

    What is the relative major of D♯ minor?

    答案

    F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.

  70. 卡片 70

    问题

    What is the relative major of C♯ minor?

    答案

    E major. Both keys have four sharps.

  71. 卡片 71

    问题

    Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.

  72. 卡片 72

    问题

    How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    答案

    C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.

  73. 卡片 73

    问题

    Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.

  74. 卡片 74

    问题

    Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.

  75. 卡片 75

    问题

    Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.

  76. 卡片 76

    问题

    Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.

  77. 卡片 77

    问题

    Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.

  78. 卡片 78

    问题

    Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.

  79. 卡片 79

    问题

    How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    答案

    F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.

  80. 卡片 80

    问题

    Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.

  81. 卡片 81

    问题

    Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.

  82. 卡片 82

    问题

    Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.

  83. 卡片 83

    问题

    Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.

  84. 卡片 84

    问题

    How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    答案

    B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.

  85. 卡片 85

    问题

    Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.

  86. 卡片 86

    问题

    Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.

  87. 卡片 87

    问题

    Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    答案

    C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.

A midnight-blue illustration of twelve colored nodes joined in a luminous circle, with small musical notes around it.

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Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

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