What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

من إعداد Open Study Contributor

حول هذه الرزمة

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

بطاقات هذه الرزمة

البطاقة ١
السؤال
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
الإجابة
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
البطاقة ٢
السؤال
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
الإجابة
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
البطاقة ٣
السؤال
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
الإجابة
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
البطاقة ٤
السؤال
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
الإجابة
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
البطاقة ٥
السؤال
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
الإجابة
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
البطاقة ٦
السؤال
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
الإجابة
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
البطاقة ٧
السؤال
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
الإجابة
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
البطاقة ٨
السؤال
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
الإجابة
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
البطاقة ٩
السؤال
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
الإجابة
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
البطاقة ١٠
السؤال
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
الإجابة
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
البطاقة ١١
السؤال
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
الإجابة
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
البطاقة ١٢
السؤال
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
الإجابة
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
البطاقة ١٣
السؤال
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
الإجابة
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
البطاقة ١٤
السؤال
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
الإجابة
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
البطاقة ١٥
السؤال
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
الإجابة
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
البطاقة ١٦
السؤال
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
الإجابة
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
البطاقة ١٧
السؤال
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
الإجابة
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
البطاقة ١٨
السؤال
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
الإجابة
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
البطاقة ١٩
السؤال
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
الإجابة
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
البطاقة ٢٠
السؤال
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
الإجابة
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
البطاقة ٢١
السؤال
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
الإجابة
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
البطاقة ٢٢
السؤال
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
الإجابة
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
البطاقة ٢٣
السؤال
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
الإجابة
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
البطاقة ٢٤
السؤال
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
الإجابة
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
البطاقة ٢٥
السؤال
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
الإجابة
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
البطاقة ٢٦
السؤال
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
الإجابة
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
البطاقة ٢٧
السؤال
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
الإجابة
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
البطاقة ٢٨
السؤال
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
البطاقة ٢٩
السؤال
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
الإجابة
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
البطاقة ٣٠
السؤال
What does mobile device management provide?
الإجابة
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
البطاقة ٣١
السؤال
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
الإجابة
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
البطاقة ٣٢
السؤال
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
الإجابة
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
البطاقة ٣٣
السؤال
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
الإجابة
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
البطاقة ٣٤
السؤال
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
الإجابة
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
البطاقة ٣٥
السؤال
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
الإجابة
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
البطاقة ٣٦
السؤال
How do TCP and UDP differ?
الإجابة
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
البطاقة ٣٧
السؤال
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
الإجابة
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
البطاقة ٣٨
السؤال
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
الإجابة
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
البطاقة ٣٩
السؤال
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
الإجابة
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
البطاقة ٤٠
السؤال
Which port does DNS use?
الإجابة
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
البطاقة ٤١
السؤال
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
الإجابة
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
البطاقة ٤٢
السؤال
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
الإجابة
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
البطاقة ٤٣
السؤال
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
الإجابة
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
البطاقة ٤٤
السؤال
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
الإجابة
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
البطاقة ٤٥
السؤال
Which default port does LDAP use?
الإجابة
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
البطاقة ٤٦
السؤال
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
الإجابة
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
البطاقة ٤٧
السؤال
Which default port does RDP use?
الإجابة
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
البطاقة ٤٨
السؤال
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
الإجابة
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
البطاقة ٤٩
السؤال
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
الإجابة
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
البطاقة ٥٠
السؤال
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
الإجابة
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
البطاقة ٥١
السؤال
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
الإجابة
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
البطاقة ٥٢
السؤال
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
الإجابة
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
البطاقة ٥٣
السؤال
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
الإجابة
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
البطاقة ٥٤
السؤال
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
الإجابة
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
البطاقة ٥٥
السؤال
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
الإجابة
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
البطاقة ٥٦
السؤال
What is RFID used for?
الإجابة
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
البطاقة ٥٧
السؤال
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
الإجابة
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
البطاقة ٥٨
السؤال
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
الإجابة
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
البطاقة ٥٩
السؤال
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
الإجابة
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
البطاقة ٦٠
السؤال
How do mail and web servers differ?
الإجابة
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
البطاقة ٦١
السؤال
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
الإجابة
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
البطاقة ٦٢
السؤال
How do AAA and database servers differ?
الإجابة
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
البطاقة ٦٣
السؤال
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
الإجابة
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
البطاقة ٦٤
السؤال
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
الإجابة
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
البطاقة ٦٥
السؤال
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
الإجابة
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
البطاقة ٦٦
السؤال
What does SCADA monitor or control?
الإجابة
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
البطاقة ٦٧
السؤال
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
الإجابة
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
البطاقة ٦٨
السؤال
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
الإجابة
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
البطاقة ٦٩
السؤال
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
الإجابة
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
البطاقة ٧٠
السؤال
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
الإجابة
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
البطاقة ٧١
السؤال
What does a VPN protect?
الإجابة
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
البطاقة ٧٢
السؤال
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
الإجابة
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
البطاقة ٧٣
السؤال
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
الإجابة
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
البطاقة ٧٤
السؤال
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
الإجابة
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
البطاقة ٧٥
السؤال
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
الإجابة
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
البطاقة ٧٦
السؤال
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
الإجابة
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
البطاقة ٧٧
السؤال
What does a wireless access point do?
الإجابة
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
البطاقة ٧٨
السؤال
What is a patch panel's role?
الإجابة
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
البطاقة ٧٩
السؤال
What is a firewall's core job?
الإجابة
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
البطاقة ٨٠
السؤال
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
الإجابة
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
البطاقة ٨١
السؤال
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
الإجابة
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
البطاقة ٨٢
السؤال
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
الإجابة
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
البطاقة ٨٣
السؤال
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
الإجابة
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
البطاقة ٨٤
السؤال
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
الإجابة
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
البطاقة ٨٥
السؤال
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
الإجابة
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
البطاقة ٨٦
السؤال
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
الإجابة
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
البطاقة ٨٧
السؤال
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
الإجابة
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
البطاقة ٨٨
السؤال
What does a default gateway provide?
الإجابة
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
البطاقة ٨٩
السؤال
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
الإجابة
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
البطاقة ٩٠
السؤال
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
الإجابة
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
البطاقة ٩١
السؤال
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
الإجابة
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
البطاقة ٩٢
السؤال
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
الإجابة
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
البطاقة ٩٣
السؤال
What is a storage area network?
الإجابة
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
البطاقة ٩٤
السؤال
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
الإجابة
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
البطاقة ٩٥
السؤال
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
الإجابة
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
البطاقة ٩٦
السؤال
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
الإجابة
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
البطاقة ٩٧
السؤال
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
الإجابة
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
البطاقة ٩٨
السؤال
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
الإجابة
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
البطاقة ٩٩
السؤال
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
الإجابة
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
البطاقة ١٠٠
السؤال
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
الإجابة
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
البطاقة ١٠١
السؤال
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
الإجابة
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
البطاقة ١٠٢
السؤال
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
الإجابة
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
البطاقة ١٠٣
السؤال
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
الإجابة
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
البطاقة ١٠٤
السؤال
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
الإجابة
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
البطاقة ١٠٥
السؤال
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
الإجابة
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
البطاقة ١٠٦
السؤال
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
الإجابة
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
البطاقة ١٠٧
السؤال
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
الإجابة
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
البطاقة ١٠٨
السؤال
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
الإجابة
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
البطاقة ١٠٩
السؤال
How do DVI and VGA differ?
الإجابة
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
البطاقة ١١٠
السؤال
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
الإجابة
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
البطاقة ١١١
السؤال
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
الإجابة
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
البطاقة ١١٢
السؤال
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
الإجابة
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
البطاقة ١١٣
السؤال
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
الإجابة
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
البطاقة ١١٤
السؤال
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
الإجابة
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
البطاقة ١١٥
السؤال
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
الإجابة
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
البطاقة ١١٦
السؤال
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
الإجابة
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
البطاقة ١١٧
السؤال
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
الإجابة
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
البطاقة ١١٨
السؤال
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
الإجابة
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
البطاقة ١١٩
السؤال
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
الإجابة
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
البطاقة ١٢٠
السؤال
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
الإجابة
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
البطاقة ١٢١
السؤال
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
الإجابة
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
البطاقة ١٢٢
السؤال
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
الإجابة
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
البطاقة ١٢٣
السؤال
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
الإجابة
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
البطاقة ١٢٤
السؤال
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
الإجابة
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
البطاقة ١٢٥
السؤال
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
الإجابة
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
البطاقة ١٢٦
السؤال
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
الإجابة
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
البطاقة ١٢٧
السؤال
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
الإجابة
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
البطاقة ١٢٨
السؤال
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
الإجابة
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
البطاقة ١٢٩
السؤال
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
الإجابة
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
البطاقة ١٣٠
السؤال
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
الإجابة
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
البطاقة ١٣١
السؤال
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
الإجابة
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
البطاقة ١٣٢
السؤال
What does RAID 10 provide?
الإجابة
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
البطاقة ١٣٣
السؤال
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
الإجابة
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
البطاقة ١٣٤
السؤال
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
الإجابة
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
البطاقة ١٣٥
السؤال
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
الإجابة
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
البطاقة ١٣٦
السؤال
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
الإجابة
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
البطاقة ١٣٧
السؤال
What does adding CPU cores improve?
الإجابة
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
البطاقة ١٣٨
السؤال
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
الإجابة
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
البطاقة ١٣٩
السؤال
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
الإجابة
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
البطاقة ١٤٠
السؤال
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
الإجابة
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
البطاقة ١٤١
السؤال
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
الإجابة
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
البطاقة ١٤٢
السؤال
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
الإجابة
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
البطاقة ١٤٣
السؤال
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
الإجابة
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
البطاقة ١٤٤
السؤال
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
الإجابة
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
البطاقة ١٤٥
السؤال
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
الإجابة
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
البطاقة ١٤٦
السؤال
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
الإجابة
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
البطاقة ١٤٧
السؤال
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
الإجابة
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
البطاقة ١٤٨
السؤال
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
الإجابة
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
البطاقة ١٤٩
السؤال
What does a redundant power supply provide?
الإجابة
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
البطاقة ١٥٠
السؤال
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
الإجابة
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
البطاقة ١٥١
السؤال
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
الإجابة
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
البطاقة ١٥٢
السؤال
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
الإجابة
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
البطاقة ١٥٣
السؤال
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
الإجابة
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
البطاقة ١٥٤
السؤال
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
الإجابة
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
البطاقة ١٥٥
السؤال
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
الإجابة
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
البطاقة ١٥٦
السؤال
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
الإجابة
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
البطاقة ١٥٧
السؤال
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
الإجابة
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
البطاقة ١٥٨
السؤال
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
الإجابة
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
البطاقة ١٥٩
السؤال
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
الإجابة
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
البطاقة ١٦٠
السؤال
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
الإجابة
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
البطاقة ١٦١
السؤال
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
الإجابة
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
البطاقة ١٦٢
السؤال
What does printer calibration correct?
الإجابة
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
البطاقة ١٦٣
السؤال
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
الإجابة
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
البطاقة ١٦٤
السؤال
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
الإجابة
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
البطاقة ١٦٥
السؤال
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
الإجابة
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
البطاقة ١٦٦
السؤال
What is a virtual machine?
الإجابة
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
البطاقة ١٦٧
السؤال
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
الإجابة
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
البطاقة ١٦٨
السؤال
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
الإجابة
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
البطاقة ١٦٩
السؤال
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
الإجابة
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
البطاقة ١٧٠
السؤال
What does application virtualization do?
الإجابة
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
البطاقة ١٧١
السؤال
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
الإجابة
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
البطاقة ١٧٢
السؤال
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
الإجابة
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
البطاقة ١٧٣
السؤال
What must be planned for VM networking?
الإجابة
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
البطاقة ١٧٤
السؤال
What does VDI deliver?
الإجابة
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
البطاقة ١٧٥
السؤال
What must be planned for VM storage?
الإجابة
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
البطاقة ١٧٦
السؤال
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
الإجابة
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
البطاقة ١٧٧
السؤال
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
الإجابة
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
البطاقة ١٧٨
السؤال
What does a container image provide?
الإجابة
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
البطاقة ١٧٩
السؤال
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
الإجابة
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
البطاقة ١٨٠
السؤال
What defines a public cloud?
الإجابة
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
البطاقة ١٨١
السؤال
What does IaaS provide?
الإجابة
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
البطاقة ١٨٢
السؤال
What is cloud elasticity?
الإجابة
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
البطاقة ١٨٣
السؤال
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
الإجابة
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
البطاقة ١٨٤
السؤال
What defines a private cloud?
الإجابة
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
البطاقة ١٨٥
السؤال
What does SaaS provide?
الإجابة
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
البطاقة ١٨٦
السؤال
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
الإجابة
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
البطاقة ١٨٧
السؤال
What is high availability designed to reduce?
الإجابة
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
البطاقة ١٨٨
السؤال
What is a hybrid cloud?
الإجابة
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
البطاقة ١٨٩
السؤال
What does PaaS provide?
الإجابة
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
البطاقة ١٩٠
السؤال
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
الإجابة
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
البطاقة ١٩١
السؤال
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
الإجابة
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
البطاقة ١٩٢
السؤال
What is a community cloud?
الإجابة
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
البطاقة ١٩٣
السؤال
What does FaaS run?
الإجابة
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
البطاقة ١٩٤
السؤال
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
الإجابة
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
البطاقة ١٩٥
السؤال
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
الإجابة
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
البطاقة ١٩٦
السؤال
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
الإجابة
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
البطاقة ١٩٧
السؤال
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
الإجابة
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
البطاقة ١٩٨
السؤال
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
الإجابة
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
البطاقة ١٩٩
السؤال
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
الإجابة
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
البطاقة ٢٠٠
السؤال
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
الإجابة
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
البطاقة ٢٠١
السؤال
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
البطاقة ٢٠٢
السؤال
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
الإجابة
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
البطاقة ٢٠٣
السؤال
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
الإجابة
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
البطاقة ٢٠٤
السؤال
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
الإجابة
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
البطاقة ٢٠٥
السؤال
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
البطاقة ٢٠٦
السؤال
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
الإجابة
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
البطاقة ٢٠٧
السؤال
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
الإجابة
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
البطاقة ٢٠٨
السؤال
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
الإجابة
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
البطاقة ٢٠٩
السؤال
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
الإجابة
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
البطاقة ٢١٠
السؤال
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
الإجابة
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
البطاقة ٢١١
السؤال
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
الإجابة
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
البطاقة ٢١٢
السؤال
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
الإجابة
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
البطاقة ٢١٣
السؤال
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
الإجابة
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
البطاقة ٢١٤
السؤال
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
الإجابة
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
البطاقة ٢١٥
السؤال
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
الإجابة
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
البطاقة ٢١٦
السؤال
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
البطاقة ٢١٧
السؤال
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
الإجابة
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
البطاقة ٢١٨
السؤال
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
البطاقة ٢١٩
السؤال
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
الإجابة
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
البطاقة ٢٢٠
السؤال
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
الإجابة
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
البطاقة ٢٢١
السؤال
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
الإجابة
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
البطاقة ٢٢٢
السؤال
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
البطاقة ٢٢٣
السؤال
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
الإجابة
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
البطاقة ٢٢٤
السؤال
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
الإجابة
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
البطاقة ٢٢٥
السؤال
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
البطاقة ٢٢٦
السؤال
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
الإجابة
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
البطاقة ٢٢٧
السؤال
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
الإجابة
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
البطاقة ٢٢٨
السؤال
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
البطاقة ٢٢٩
السؤال
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
الإجابة
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
البطاقة ٢٣٠
السؤال
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
الإجابة
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
البطاقة ٢٣١
السؤال
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
الإجابة
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
البطاقة ٢٣٢
السؤال
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
الإجابة
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
البطاقة ٢٣٣
السؤال
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
الإجابة
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
البطاقة ٢٣٤
السؤال
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
الإجابة
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
البطاقة ٢٣٥
السؤال
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
الإجابة
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
البطاقة ٢٣٦
السؤال
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
البطاقة ٢٣٧
السؤال
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
البطاقة ٢٣٨
السؤال
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
الإجابة
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
البطاقة ٢٣٩
السؤال
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
البطاقة ٢٤٠
السؤال
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
البطاقة ٢٤١
السؤال
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
الإجابة
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
البطاقة ٢٤٢
السؤال
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
البطاقة ٢٤٣
السؤال
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
الإجابة
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
البطاقة ٢٤٤
السؤال
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
الإجابة
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
البطاقة ٢٤٥
السؤال
Which tools help locate high latency?
الإجابة
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
البطاقة ٢٤٦
السؤال
What signs point to external wireless interference?
الإجابة
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
البطاقة ٢٤٧
السؤال
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
الإجابة
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
البطاقة ٢٤٨
السؤال
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
الإجابة
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
البطاقة ٢٤٩
السؤال
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
الإجابة
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
البطاقة ٢٥٠
السؤال
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
الإجابة
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
البطاقة ٢٥١
السؤال
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
الإجابة
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
البطاقة ٢٥٢
السؤال
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
الإجابة
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
البطاقة ٢٥٣
السؤال
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
البطاقة ٢٥٤
السؤال
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
الإجابة
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
البطاقة ٢٥٥
السؤال
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
البطاقة ٢٥٦
السؤال
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
الإجابة
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
البطاقة ٢٥٧
السؤال
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
البطاقة ٢٥٨
السؤال
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
الإجابة
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
البطاقة ٢٥٩
السؤال
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
الإجابة
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
البطاقة ٢٦٠
السؤال
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
الإجابة
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
٥٢٠ بطاقة
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
ادرس هذه الرزمة مجانًا
سيفتح تطبيق Flashcards لتبدأ الدراسة.
البطاقة ٢٦١
السؤال
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
البطاقة ٢٦٢
السؤال
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
الإجابة
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
البطاقة ٢٦٣
السؤال
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
البطاقة ٢٦٤
السؤال
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
البطاقة ٢٦٥
السؤال
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
الإجابة
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
البطاقة ٢٦٦
السؤال
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
البطاقة ٢٦٧
السؤال
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
الإجابة
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
البطاقة ٢٦٨
السؤال
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
الإجابة
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
البطاقة ٢٦٩
السؤال
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
البطاقة ٢٧٠
السؤال
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
الإجابة
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
البطاقة ٢٧١
السؤال
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
الإجابة
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
البطاقة ٢٧٢
السؤال
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
الإجابة
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
البطاقة ٢٧٣
السؤال
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
الإجابة
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
البطاقة ٢٧٤
السؤال
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
الإجابة
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
البطاقة ٢٧٥
السؤال
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
الإجابة
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
البطاقة ٢٧٦
السؤال
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
الإجابة
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
البطاقة ٢٧٧
السؤال
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
الإجابة
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
البطاقة ٢٧٨
السؤال
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
الإجابة
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
البطاقة ٢٧٩
السؤال
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
الإجابة
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
البطاقة ٢٨٠
السؤال
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
الإجابة
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
البطاقة ٢٨١
السؤال
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
الإجابة
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
البطاقة ٢٨٢
السؤال
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
الإجابة
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
البطاقة ٢٨٣
السؤال
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
الإجابة
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
البطاقة ٢٨٤
السؤال
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
الإجابة
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
البطاقة ٢٨٥
السؤال
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
الإجابة
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
البطاقة ٢٨٦
السؤال
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
الإجابة
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
البطاقة ٢٨٧
السؤال
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
الإجابة
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
البطاقة ٢٨٨
السؤال
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
الإجابة
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
البطاقة ٢٨٩
السؤال
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
الإجابة
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
البطاقة ٢٩٠
السؤال
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
الإجابة
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
البطاقة ٢٩١
السؤال
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
الإجابة
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
البطاقة ٢٩٢
السؤال
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
الإجابة
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
البطاقة ٢٩٣
السؤال
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
الإجابة
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
البطاقة ٢٩٤
السؤال
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
الإجابة
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
البطاقة ٢٩٥
السؤال
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
الإجابة
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
البطاقة ٢٩٦
السؤال
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
الإجابة
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
البطاقة ٢٩٧
السؤال
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
الإجابة
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
البطاقة ٢٩٨
السؤال
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
الإجابة
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
البطاقة ٢٩٩
السؤال
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
الإجابة
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
البطاقة ٣٠٠
السؤال
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
الإجابة
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
البطاقة ٣٠١
السؤال
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
الإجابة
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
البطاقة ٣٠٢
السؤال
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
الإجابة
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
البطاقة ٣٠٣
السؤال
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
الإجابة
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
البطاقة ٣٠٤
السؤال
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
الإجابة
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
البطاقة ٣٠٥
السؤال
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
الإجابة
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
البطاقة ٣٠٦
السؤال
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
الإجابة
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
البطاقة ٣٠٧
السؤال
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
الإجابة
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
البطاقة ٣٠٨
السؤال
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
الإجابة
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
البطاقة ٣٠٩
السؤال
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
الإجابة
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
البطاقة ٣١٠
السؤال
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
الإجابة
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
البطاقة ٣١١
السؤال
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
الإجابة
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
البطاقة ٣١٢
السؤال
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
الإجابة
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
البطاقة ٣١٣
السؤال
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
الإجابة
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
البطاقة ٣١٤
السؤال
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
الإجابة
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
البطاقة ٣١٥
السؤال
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
الإجابة
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
البطاقة ٣١٦
السؤال
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
الإجابة
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
البطاقة ٣١٧
السؤال
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
الإجابة
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
البطاقة ٣١٨
السؤال
What does a client VPN connection provide?
الإجابة
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
البطاقة ٣١٩
السؤال
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
الإجابة
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
البطاقة ٣٢٠
السؤال
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
الإجابة
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
البطاقة ٣٢١
السؤال
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
الإجابة
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
البطاقة ٣٢٢
السؤال
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
الإجابة
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
البطاقة ٣٢٣
السؤال
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
الإجابة
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
البطاقة ٣٢٤
السؤال
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
الإجابة
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
البطاقة ٣٢٥
السؤال
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
الإجابة
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
البطاقة ٣٢٦
السؤال
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
الإجابة
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
البطاقة ٣٢٧
السؤال
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
الإجابة
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
البطاقة ٣٢٨
السؤال
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
الإجابة
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
البطاقة ٣٢٩
السؤال
What is the safest source for an application installer?
الإجابة
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
البطاقة ٣٣٠
السؤال
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
الإجابة
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
البطاقة ٣٣١
السؤال
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
الإجابة
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
البطاقة ٣٣٢
السؤال
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
الإجابة
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
البطاقة ٣٣٣
السؤال
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
الإجابة
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
البطاقة ٣٣٤
السؤال
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
الإجابة
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
البطاقة ٣٣٥
السؤال
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
الإجابة
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
البطاقة ٣٣٦
السؤال
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
الإجابة
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
البطاقة ٣٣٧
السؤال
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
الإجابة
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
البطاقة ٣٣٨
السؤال
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
الإجابة
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
البطاقة ٣٣٩
السؤال
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
الإجابة
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
البطاقة ٣٤٠
السؤال
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
الإجابة
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
البطاقة ٣٤١
السؤال
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
الإجابة
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
البطاقة ٣٤٢
السؤال
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
الإجابة
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
البطاقة ٣٤٣
السؤال
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
الإجابة
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
البطاقة ٣٤٤
السؤال
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
الإجابة
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
البطاقة ٣٤٥
السؤال
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
الإجابة
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
البطاقة ٣٤٦
السؤال
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
الإجابة
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
البطاقة ٣٤٧
السؤال
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
الإجابة
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
البطاقة ٣٤٨
السؤال
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
الإجابة
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
البطاقة ٣٤٩
السؤال
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
الإجابة
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
البطاقة ٣٥٠
السؤال
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
الإجابة
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
البطاقة ٣٥١
السؤال
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
الإجابة
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
البطاقة ٣٥٢
السؤال
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
الإجابة
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
البطاقة ٣٥٣
السؤال
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
الإجابة
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
البطاقة ٣٥٤
السؤال
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
الإجابة
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
البطاقة ٣٥٥
السؤال
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
الإجابة
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
البطاقة ٣٥٦
السؤال
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
الإجابة
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
البطاقة ٣٥٧
السؤال
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
الإجابة
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
البطاقة ٣٥٨
السؤال
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
الإجابة
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
البطاقة ٣٥٩
السؤال
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
الإجابة
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
البطاقة ٣٦٠
السؤال
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
الإجابة
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
البطاقة ٣٦١
السؤال
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
الإجابة
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
البطاقة ٣٦٢
السؤال
What does the principle of least privilege require?
الإجابة
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
البطاقة ٣٦٣
السؤال
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
الإجابة
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
البطاقة ٣٦٤
السؤال
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
الإجابة
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
البطاقة ٣٦٥
السؤال
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
الإجابة
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
البطاقة ٣٦٦
السؤال
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
الإجابة
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
البطاقة ٣٦٧
السؤال
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
الإجابة
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
البطاقة ٣٦٨
السؤال
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
الإجابة
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
البطاقة ٣٦٩
السؤال
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
الإجابة
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
البطاقة ٣٧٠
السؤال
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
الإجابة
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
البطاقة ٣٧١
السؤال
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
الإجابة
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
البطاقة ٣٧٢
السؤال
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
الإجابة
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
البطاقة ٣٧٣
السؤال
What does an access control list decide?
الإجابة
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
البطاقة ٣٧٤
السؤال
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
الإجابة
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
البطاقة ٣٧٥
السؤال
How should router management access be exposed?
الإجابة
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
البطاقة ٣٧٦
السؤال
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
الإجابة
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
البطاقة ٣٧٧
السؤال
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
الإجابة
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
البطاقة ٣٧٨
السؤال
What happens in an on-path attack?
الإجابة
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
البطاقة ٣٧٩
السؤال
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
الإجابة
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
البطاقة ٣٨٠
السؤال
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
الإجابة
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
البطاقة ٣٨١
السؤال
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
الإجابة
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
البطاقة ٣٨٢
السؤال
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
الإجابة
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
البطاقة ٣٨٣
السؤال
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
الإجابة
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
البطاقة ٣٨٤
السؤال
What makes authentication multifactor?
الإجابة
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
البطاقة ٣٨٥
السؤال
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
الإجابة
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
البطاقة ٣٨٦
السؤال
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
الإجابة
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
البطاقة ٣٨٧
السؤال
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
الإجابة
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
البطاقة ٣٨٨
السؤال
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
الإجابة
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
البطاقة ٣٨٩
السؤال
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
الإجابة
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
البطاقة ٣٩٠
السؤال
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
الإجابة
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
البطاقة ٣٩١
السؤال
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
الإجابة
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
البطاقة ٣٩٢
السؤال
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
الإجابة
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
البطاقة ٣٩٣
السؤال
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
الإجابة
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
البطاقة ٣٩٤
السؤال
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
الإجابة
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
البطاقة ٣٩٥
السؤال
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
الإجابة
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
البطاقة ٣٩٦
السؤال
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
الإجابة
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
البطاقة ٣٩٧
السؤال
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
الإجابة
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
البطاقة ٣٩٨
السؤال
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
الإجابة
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
البطاقة ٣٩٩
السؤال
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
الإجابة
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
البطاقة ٤٠٠
السؤال
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
الإجابة
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
البطاقة ٤٠١
السؤال
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
الإجابة
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
البطاقة ٤٠٢
السؤال
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
الإجابة
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
البطاقة ٤٠٣
السؤال
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
الإجابة
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
البطاقة ٤٠٤
السؤال
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
الإجابة
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
البطاقة ٤٠٥
السؤال
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
الإجابة
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
البطاقة ٤٠٦
السؤال
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
الإجابة
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
البطاقة ٤٠٧
السؤال
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
الإجابة
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
البطاقة ٤٠٨
السؤال
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
الإجابة
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
البطاقة ٤٠٩
السؤال
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
الإجابة
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
البطاقة ٤١٠
السؤال
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
الإجابة
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
البطاقة ٤١١
السؤال
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
الإجابة
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
البطاقة ٤١٢
السؤال
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
الإجابة
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
البطاقة ٤١٣
السؤال
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
الإجابة
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
البطاقة ٤١٤
السؤال
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
الإجابة
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
البطاقة ٤١٥
السؤال
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
الإجابة
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
البطاقة ٤١٦
السؤال
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
الإجابة
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
البطاقة ٤١٧
السؤال
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
الإجابة
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
البطاقة ٤١٨
السؤال
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
الإجابة
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
البطاقة ٤١٩
السؤال
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
الإجابة
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
البطاقة ٤٢٠
السؤال
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
الإجابة
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
البطاقة ٤٢١
السؤال
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
الإجابة
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
البطاقة ٤٢٢
السؤال
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
الإجابة
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
البطاقة ٤٢٣
السؤال
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
الإجابة
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
البطاقة ٤٢٤
السؤال
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
الإجابة
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
البطاقة ٤٢٥
السؤال
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
الإجابة
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
البطاقة ٤٢٦
السؤال
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
الإجابة
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
البطاقة ٤٢٧
السؤال
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
الإجابة
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
البطاقة ٤٢٨
السؤال
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
الإجابة
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
البطاقة ٤٢٩
السؤال
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
البطاقة ٤٣٠
السؤال
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
الإجابة
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
البطاقة ٤٣١
السؤال
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
الإجابة
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
البطاقة ٤٣٢
السؤال
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
الإجابة
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
البطاقة ٤٣٣
السؤال
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
الإجابة
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
البطاقة ٤٣٤
السؤال
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
الإجابة
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
البطاقة ٤٣٥
السؤال
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
الإجابة
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
البطاقة ٤٣٦
السؤال
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
الإجابة
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
البطاقة ٤٣٧
السؤال
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
الإجابة
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
البطاقة ٤٣٨
السؤال
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
الإجابة
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
البطاقة ٤٣٩
السؤال
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
الإجابة
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
البطاقة ٤٤٠
السؤال
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
الإجابة
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
البطاقة ٤٤١
السؤال
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
الإجابة
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
البطاقة ٤٤٢
السؤال
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
الإجابة
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
البطاقة ٤٤٣
السؤال
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
الإجابة
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
البطاقة ٤٤٤
السؤال
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
الإجابة
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
البطاقة ٤٤٥
السؤال
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
الإجابة
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
البطاقة ٤٤٦
السؤال
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
الإجابة
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
البطاقة ٤٤٧
السؤال
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
الإجابة
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
البطاقة ٤٤٨
السؤال
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
الإجابة
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
البطاقة ٤٤٩
السؤال
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
الإجابة
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
البطاقة ٤٥٠
السؤال
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
الإجابة
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
البطاقة ٤٥١
السؤال
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
الإجابة
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
البطاقة ٤٥٢
السؤال
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
الإجابة
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
البطاقة ٤٥٣
السؤال
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
الإجابة
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
البطاقة ٤٥٤
السؤال
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
الإجابة
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
البطاقة ٤٥٥
السؤال
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
الإجابة
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
البطاقة ٤٥٦
السؤال
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
الإجابة
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
البطاقة ٤٥٧
السؤال
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
الإجابة
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
البطاقة ٤٥٨
السؤال
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
الإجابة
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
البطاقة ٤٥٩
السؤال
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
الإجابة
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
البطاقة ٤٦٠
السؤال
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
الإجابة
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
البطاقة ٤٦١
السؤال
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
الإجابة
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
البطاقة ٤٦٢
السؤال
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
الإجابة
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
البطاقة ٤٦٣
السؤال
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
الإجابة
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
البطاقة ٤٦٤
السؤال
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
الإجابة
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
البطاقة ٤٦٥
السؤال
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
الإجابة
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
البطاقة ٤٦٦
السؤال
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
الإجابة
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
البطاقة ٤٦٧
السؤال
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
الإجابة
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
البطاقة ٤٦٨
السؤال
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
الإجابة
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
البطاقة ٤٦٩
السؤال
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
الإجابة
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
البطاقة ٤٧٠
السؤال
What does a full backup contain?
الإجابة
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
البطاقة ٤٧١
السؤال
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
الإجابة
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
البطاقة ٤٧٢
السؤال
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
الإجابة
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
البطاقة ٤٧٣
السؤال
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
الإجابة
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
البطاقة ٤٧٤
السؤال
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
الإجابة
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
البطاقة ٤٧٥
السؤال
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
الإجابة
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
البطاقة ٤٧٦
السؤال
What does an incremental backup copy?
الإجابة
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
البطاقة ٤٧٧
السؤال
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
الإجابة
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
البطاقة ٤٧٨
السؤال
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
الإجابة
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
البطاقة ٤٧٩
السؤال
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
الإجابة
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
البطاقة ٤٨٠
السؤال
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
الإجابة
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
البطاقة ٤٨١
السؤال
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
الإجابة
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
البطاقة ٤٨٢
السؤال
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
الإجابة
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
البطاقة ٤٨٣
السؤال
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
الإجابة
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
البطاقة ٤٨٤
السؤال
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
الإجابة
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
البطاقة ٤٨٥
السؤال
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
الإجابة
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
البطاقة ٤٨٦
السؤال
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
الإجابة
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
البطاقة ٤٨٧
السؤال
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
الإجابة
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
البطاقة ٤٨٨
السؤال
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
الإجابة
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
البطاقة ٤٨٩
السؤال
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
الإجابة
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
البطاقة ٤٩٠
السؤال
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
الإجابة
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
البطاقة ٤٩١
السؤال
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
الإجابة
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
البطاقة ٤٩٢
السؤال
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
الإجابة
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
البطاقة ٤٩٣
السؤال
What does a differential backup copy?
الإجابة
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
البطاقة ٤٩٤
السؤال
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
الإجابة
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
البطاقة ٤٩٥
السؤال
How should loose components be handled and stored?
الإجابة
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
البطاقة ٤٩٦
السؤال
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
الإجابة
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
البطاقة ٤٩٧
السؤال
What is a synthetic full backup?
الإجابة
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
البطاقة ٤٩٨
السؤال
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
الإجابة
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
البطاقة ٤٩٩
السؤال
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
الإجابة
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
البطاقة ٥٠٠
السؤال
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
الإجابة
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
البطاقة ٥٠١
السؤال
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
الإجابة
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
البطاقة ٥٠٢
السؤال
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
الإجابة
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
البطاقة ٥٠٣
السؤال
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
الإجابة
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
البطاقة ٥٠٤
السؤال
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
الإجابة
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
البطاقة ٥٠٥
السؤال
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
الإجابة
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
البطاقة ٥٠٦
السؤال
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
الإجابة
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
البطاقة ٥٠٧
السؤال
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
الإجابة
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
البطاقة ٥٠٨
السؤال
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
الإجابة
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
البطاقة ٥٠٩
السؤال
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
الإجابة
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
البطاقة ٥١٠
السؤال
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
الإجابة
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
البطاقة ٥١١
السؤال
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
الإجابة
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
البطاقة ٥١٢
السؤال
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
الإجابة
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
البطاقة ٥١٣
السؤال
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
الإجابة
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
البطاقة ٥١٤
السؤال
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
الإجابة
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
البطاقة ٥١٥
السؤال
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
الإجابة
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
البطاقة ٥١٦
السؤال
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
الإجابة
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
البطاقة ٥١٧
السؤال
How do you know a backup is usable?
الإجابة
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
البطاقة ٥١٨
السؤال
What closes a well-managed change?
الإجابة
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
البطاقة ٥١٩
السؤال
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
الإجابة
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
البطاقة ٥٢٠
السؤال
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
الإجابة
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

٥٢٠ بطاقة

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

ادرس هذه الرزمة مجانًا

سيفتح تطبيق Flashcards لتبدأ الدراسة.

حول هذه الرزمة

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

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