Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?

Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.

What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?

Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.

How do you form a passage's main idea?

Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.

What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?

It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.

What makes information sufficient for a value question?

It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.

How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?

Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.

How do you find p percent of a quantity q?

Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.

How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?

Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.

How do you determine a paragraph's role?

Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.

A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?

18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.

Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?

It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.

When is a product of signed factors negative?

Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.

How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?

Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.

What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?

It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.

What should you do first on a detail question?

Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.

What is the divisibility rule for 2?

The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

How do you test whether a fact is relevant?

Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.

How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?

Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.

Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?

It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.

What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?

First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.

How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?

Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.

Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?

Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.

How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?

Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.

How do you multiply powers with the same base?

Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.

How is a weighted average computed?

Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.

What should a quick passage map record?

Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.

What does the principal square root symbol √x return?

For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.

When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?

When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.

How do you keep viewpoints separate?

Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.

How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?

They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.

How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?

Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.

What evidence should determine the author's tone?

Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.

When should rounding usually occur?

At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.

How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?

Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.

When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?

As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.

How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?

It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.

What is the percent-change formula?

For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.

What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?

It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.

What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?

Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.

How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?

Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.

Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?

Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.

How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?

Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.

Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?

The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.

When is the on-screen calculator most useful?

For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.

In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?

Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.

What is the divisibility rule for 3?

The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.

What does a transition paragraph often do?

It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.

When is a proxy measure useful?

When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.

How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?

Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.

What is the arithmetic mean?

The sum of the values divided by the number of values.

What units should a rate have?

One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

300 original flashcards for current-format GMAT Quant, Verbal, and Data Insights concepts, cues, and reusable decisions.

Автор Open Study Contributor

Об этой колоде

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

Build quick recall for the current GMAT with 300 original cards across Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The deck focuses on reusable concepts and decisions; full-length practice belongs in official or properly licensed question banks.

What the cards map

Quant maps numeric forms, terms, rules, and formulas to their meaning, conditions, or use. Short scenarios ask for the operation, equation, or answer check that fits.
Verbal maps passage and argument cues to purpose, scope, evidence, inference, reasoning flaws, and evaluation moves.
Data Insights maps targets, constraints, source and display cues, metrics, and evidence states to the interpretation or decision they support. It covers Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, and Two-Part Analysis.

Learning order

The mixed sequence keeps all three sections in rotation. Quant foundations come before algebra, models, and strategy checks; passage reading comes before argument evaluation; shared data literacy comes before the five Data Insights formats. Closely related prompts are spaced apart so one card does not cue the next.

Current-format boundary

This deck has no geometry lessons or formula drills, Sentence Correction, or the retired Integrated Reasoning section. It also excludes timing, scoring, test-center policy, full passages, large data sets, and response-pattern tricks.

Every card is an original compact concept or decision prompt. No official or competitor questions, answer choices, explanations, mark schemes, curriculum text, logos, or trade dress were copied or adapted. See the official GMAT exam content and Data Insights preparation guidance for the current exam boundary.

This is an independent, unofficial study resource. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAT is used only to identify the exam.

Карточки в этой колоде

Карточка 1
Вопрос
Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?
Ответ
Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.
Карточка 2
Вопрос
What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?
Ответ
Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.
Карточка 3
Вопрос
How do you form a passage's main idea?
Ответ
Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.
Карточка 4
Вопрос
What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?
Ответ
It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.
Карточка 5
Вопрос
What makes information sufficient for a value question?
Ответ
It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.
Карточка 6
Вопрос
How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?
Ответ
Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.
Карточка 7
Вопрос
How do you find p percent of a quantity q?
Ответ
Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.
Карточка 8
Вопрос
How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?
Ответ
Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.
Карточка 9
Вопрос
How do you determine a paragraph's role?
Ответ
Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.
Карточка 10
Вопрос
A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?
Ответ
18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.
Карточка 11
Вопрос
Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?
Ответ
It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.
Карточка 12
Вопрос
When is a product of signed factors negative?
Ответ
Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.
Карточка 13
Вопрос
How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?
Ответ
Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.
Карточка 14
Вопрос
What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?
Ответ
It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.
Карточка 15
Вопрос
What should you do first on a detail question?
Ответ
Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.
Карточка 16
Вопрос
What is the divisibility rule for 2?
Ответ
The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Карточка 17
Вопрос
How do you test whether a fact is relevant?
Ответ
Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.
Карточка 18
Вопрос
How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?
Ответ
Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.
Карточка 19
Вопрос
Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?
Ответ
It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.
Карточка 20
Вопрос
What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?
Ответ
First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.
Карточка 21
Вопрос
How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?
Ответ
Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.
Карточка 22
Вопрос
Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?
Ответ
Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.
Карточка 23
Вопрос
How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?
Ответ
Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.
Карточка 24
Вопрос
How do you multiply powers with the same base?
Ответ
Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.
Карточка 25
Вопрос
How is a weighted average computed?
Ответ
Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.
Карточка 26
Вопрос
What should a quick passage map record?
Ответ
Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.
Карточка 27
Вопрос
What does the principal square root symbol √x return?
Ответ
For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.
Карточка 28
Вопрос
When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?
Ответ
When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.
Карточка 29
Вопрос
How do you keep viewpoints separate?
Ответ
Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.
Карточка 30
Вопрос
How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?
Ответ
They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.
Карточка 31
Вопрос
How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?
Ответ
Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.
Карточка 32
Вопрос
What evidence should determine the author's tone?
Ответ
Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.
Карточка 33
Вопрос
When should rounding usually occur?
Ответ
At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.
Карточка 34
Вопрос
How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?
Ответ
Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.
Карточка 35
Вопрос
When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?
Ответ
As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.
Карточка 36
Вопрос
How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?
Ответ
It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.
Карточка 37
Вопрос
What is the percent-change formula?
Ответ
For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.
Карточка 38
Вопрос
What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?
Ответ
It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.
Карточка 39
Вопрос
What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?
Ответ
Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.
Карточка 40
Вопрос
How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?
Ответ
Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.
Карточка 41
Вопрос
Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?
Ответ
Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.
Карточка 42
Вопрос
How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?
Ответ
Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.
Карточка 43
Вопрос
Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?
Ответ
The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.
Карточка 44
Вопрос
When is the on-screen calculator most useful?
Ответ
For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.
Карточка 45
Вопрос
In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?
Ответ
Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.
Карточка 46
Вопрос
What is the divisibility rule for 3?
Ответ
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.
Карточка 47
Вопрос
What does a transition paragraph often do?
Ответ
It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.
Карточка 48
Вопрос
When is a proxy measure useful?
Ответ
When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.
Карточка 49
Вопрос
How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?
Ответ
Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.
Карточка 50
Вопрос
What is the arithmetic mean?
Ответ
The sum of the values divided by the number of values.
Карточка 51
Вопрос
What units should a rate have?
Ответ
One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.
Карточка 52
Вопрос
How do you divide powers with the same nonzero base?
Ответ
Subtract the exponents: aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ.
Карточка 53
Вопрос
What makes a paraphrase faithful to a passage detail?
Ответ
It preserves the original meaning, scope, and certainty in different words. Shared keywords alone don't make it accurate.
Карточка 54
Вопрос
How do you recover a total from an average?
Ответ
Total = average × number of values.
Карточка 55
Вопрос
How do you choose between two plausible reading inferences?
Ответ
Choose the one with the tighter textual chain and fewer assumptions. Plausibility in the real world is secondary.
Карточка 56
Вопрос
What quick check can catch a calculator-entry error?
Ответ
Estimate the order of magnitude and direction first. An exact result far outside that range deserves another look.
Карточка 57
Вопрос
How do you simplify a square root with a perfect-square factor?
Ответ
Factor out the perfect square. For example, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.
Карточка 58
Вопрос
What makes a new example parallel to one in the passage?
Ответ
The same logical relationship. Match cause, contrast, exception, or function rather than shared subject matter.
Карточка 59
Вопрос
When can work rates be added?
Ответ
Add the stated constant rates when the workers operate simultaneously without interfering with one another. At 1/4 and 1/6 job per hour, together they complete 5/12 job per hour.
Карточка 60
Вопрос
What is the denominator in a percent comparison?
Ответ
The stated reference value. “A as a percent of B” means A divided by B, then multiplied by 100.
Карточка 61
Вопрос
How do you translate “5 less than x”?
Ответ
x − 5. The phrase “less than” reverses the spoken order.
Карточка 62
Вопрос
In Data Sufficiency, what should you check before testing values?
Ответ
The full domain. Honor stated restrictions and implicit ones such as positive lengths or nonzero divisors before judging sufficiency.
Карточка 63
Вопрос
How do you add fractions with different denominators?
Ответ
Rewrite them with a common denominator, then add the numerators. For example, 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.
Карточка 64
Вопрос
How do you distinguish description from argument in a passage?
Ответ
Description presents what happened or what a view says; argument gives reasons to accept, reject, or revise a claim.
Карточка 65
Вопрос
How should you compare decimals with different lengths?
Ответ
Append trailing zeros and compare place by place. For example, compare 0.47 with 0.4700, which are equal.
Карточка 66
Вопрос
How should combined statements be evaluated?
Ответ
Intersect their constraints with the stem. The combination is sufficient only if every remaining case gives one answer.
Карточка 67
Вопрос
How do you find common ground between two viewpoints?
Ответ
Look for the narrow claim both accept, even if they disagree about its cause, importance, or implications.
Карточка 68
Вопрос
How do you solve a proportion such as a/b = c/d?
Ответ
Cross-multiply to get ad = bc, provided b and d are nonzero.
Карточка 69
Вопрос
How is average speed computed?
Ответ
Total distance divided by total time. It is not usually the simple mean of the segment speeds.
Карточка 70
Вопрос
What does |x| represent?
Ответ
The nonnegative distance from x to 0 on the number line.
Карточка 71
Вопрос
Why are strongly emotional tone descriptions often wrong?
Ответ
They overstate measured academic prose. Match the answer's intensity to the author's actual language.
Карточка 72
Вопрос
What is the divisibility rule for 4?
Ответ
The number formed by the last two digits must be divisible by 4.
Карточка 73
Вопрос
Can the ordinary percent-change formula be applied directly when the original value is zero or negative?
Ответ
No. The ordinary GMAT rule assumes original > 0. Change from zero is undefined, and a negative baseline requires context-specific interpretation.
Карточка 74
Вопрос
Why can a true statement still be a wrong answer?
Ответ
It may not answer the question asked. Check the task—main idea, detail, inference, role, or purpose—before checking truth.
Карточка 75
Вопрос
When must a weighted average lie between its component values?
Ответ
When every weight is nonnegative and the total weight is positive. The average then lies between the smallest and largest component values.
Карточка 76
Вопрос
How do you express an integer n divided by d with remainder r?
Ответ
n = dq + r, where q is an integer and 0 ≤ r < d for positive d.
Карточка 77
Вопрос
What does an inequality usually provide?
Ответ
A range, not a unique value. It can still be sufficient if the question asks whether a threshold is crossed.
Карточка 78
Вопрос
How should you handle an EXCEPT detail prompt?
Ответ
Verify four statements against the passage and select the one that isn't supported. Keep the reversed task visible while checking each choice.
Карточка 79
Вопрос
How should you set up a unit conversion?
Ответ
Multiply by a conversion factor equal to 1, placing units so the unwanted unit cancels.
Карточка 80
Вопрос
Can two individually insufficient statements remain insufficient together?
Ответ
Yes. They may repeat the same limitation or still leave multiple valid answers.
Карточка 81
Вопрос
For a positive base, how do you simplify a power raised to another power?
Ответ
Multiply the exponents: (aᵐ)ⁿ = a^(mn).
Карточка 82
Вопрос
When can you infer that an author accepts a claim?
Ответ
When the author endorses it directly or relies on it without distancing language. Merely reporting another person's view isn't endorsement.
Карточка 83
Вопрос
How should successive percentage changes be combined?
Ответ
Multiply their factors. A 10% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99, a 1% net fall.
Карточка 84
Вопрос
What are compatible numbers in estimation?
Ответ
Nearby numbers chosen to make mental arithmetic easy, such as 203 ÷ 9.9 ≈ 200 ÷ 10 = 20.
Карточка 85
Вопрос
Which constraints are easy to overlook in a word problem?
Ответ
Countability, positivity, distinctness, and capacity limits. Translate each noun and rule into a usable constraint.
Карточка 86
Вопрос
How do you state the exact disagreement between two viewpoints?
Ответ
Identify one claim that one side accepts and the other rejects. Don't substitute a topic that only one side discusses.
Карточка 87
Вопрос
How do you represent three consecutive integers?
Ответ
n, n + 1, and n + 2 for an integer n.
Карточка 88
Вопрос
How do percentage points differ from percent change?
Ответ
Percentage points are the direct difference between percentages. Moving from 20% to 25% is 5 points and a 25% relative increase.
Карточка 89
Вопрос
What is a reversed-relationship trap?
Ответ
It swaps cause and effect, support and conclusion, or the positions of two viewpoints while reusing familiar passage language.
Карточка 90
Вопрос
How do you multiply two fractions?
Ответ
Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator, canceling common factors when convenient.
Карточка 91
Вопрос
How do direct and inverse proportion differ?
Ответ
Direct: y = kx; inverse: y = k/x for x ≠ 0.
Карточка 92
Вопрос
How do you recover an original value after a percentage increase?
Ответ
Divide the new value by the growth factor. After a 20% increase, original = new ÷ 1.20.
Карточка 93
Вопрос
When should absolute wording raise suspicion?
Ответ
When the passage is qualified. Words such as always, never, entirely, and impossible require equally strong textual support.
Карточка 94
Вопрос
What should you identify first in Data Sufficiency?
Ответ
The exact target and answer type. Decide whether the stem asks for a value, a comparison, or a yes-or-no result.
Карточка 95
Вопрос
What ending makes an integer divisible by 5 or by 10?
Ответ
A last digit of 0 or 5 gives divisibility by 5; a last digit of 0 gives divisibility by 10.
Карточка 96
Вопрос
How should a Data Sufficiency condition be handled?
Ответ
Translate it into a precise constraint before testing sufficiency. Keep it separate from the conclusion you want.
Карточка 97
Вопрос
How do you reject a half-right answer?
Ответ
Test every part of it. One accurate clause can't rescue a second clause that distorts the passage or exceeds its scope.
Карточка 98
Вопрос
When you convert a positive measurement to a smaller linear unit, what happens to its numerical value?
Ответ
It increases. Multiply by the number of smaller units in one larger unit.
Карточка 99
Вопрос
DS example: Is x > 5? Statement: x > 3. Is the statement sufficient?
Ответ
No. Both x = 4 and x = 6 satisfy the statement, but they answer the stem differently.
Карточка 100
Вопрос
What is a⁰ when a is nonzero?
Ответ
The nonzero-base condition matters because 0⁰ is not assigned this rule.
Карточка 101
Вопрос
Which claim is the argument trying to establish?
Ответ
The main conclusion. Find the claim supported by the other statements, then check that it answers the argument's central issue.
Карточка 102
Вопрос
When should the two statements be combined?
Ответ
When neither statement is sufficient alone. Use both constraints at once and test the remaining possibilities.
Карточка 103
Вопрос
A positive number rounds to 8.2 to the nearest tenth. What interval contains it?
Ответ
8.15 ≤ x < 8.25. The lower endpoint rounds up to 8.2; the upper endpoint rounds to 8.3.
Карточка 104
Вопрос
What should you check when the conclusion changes populations?
Ответ
Whether the evidence applies to the new population. Results from volunteers, specialists, or one age group may not transfer to everyone.
Карточка 105
Вопрос
How should test values be chosen in Data Sufficiency?
Ответ
Choose valid values that probe boundaries, signs, and distinct outcomes. Random easy values can miss the deciding case.
Карточка 106
Вопрос
How do you translate “A is 30% more than B”?
Ответ
A = 1.30B. The percentage is based on B.
Карточка 107
Вопрос
When can one equation involving two variables be sufficient for a target?
Ответ
When every valid solution gives the same target value, even if neither variable is unique. For example, x + y = 10 is sufficient to determine x + y.
Карточка 108
Вопрос
What does a correlation establish by itself?
Ответ
Only that two things vary together. It doesn't establish which one causes the other or whether a third factor causes both.
Карточка 109
Вопрос
How do you divide by a nonzero fraction?
Ответ
Multiply by its reciprocal. For example, 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2.
Карточка 110
Вопрос
Why is a ratio often insufficient for an absolute value?
Ответ
A ratio fixes relative size but usually leaves the scale free. Many proportional pairs can share the same ratio.
Карточка 111
Вопрос
What is the divisibility rule for 9?
Ответ
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 9.
Карточка 112
Вопрос
What matters most when applying a sample result to a population?
Ответ
Representativeness. The sample must resemble the target population on traits that could affect the result.
Карточка 113
Вопрос
What should you check after solving a squared equation?
Ответ
Check every allowed root. If positive and negative roots produce different target answers, the information is insufficient.
Карточка 114
Вопрос
What does a negative exponent mean?
Ответ
It takes the reciprocal: a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ for nonzero a.
Карточка 115
Вопрос
Which baseline makes a comparison informative?
Ответ
The baseline relevant to the claim. Compare the outcome with what would otherwise have happened, not merely with an unrelated earlier figure.
Карточка 116
Вопрос
What risk appears when an equation factors into multiple branches?
Ответ
Each branch may create valid cases. Test all branches against the stem before deciding sufficiency.
Карточка 117
Вопрос
How can you compare two positive fractions quickly?
Ответ
Compare their cross-products. For a/b and c/d with positive denominators, compare ad with bc.
Карточка 118
Вопрос
What may be assumed from a Data Sufficiency diagram?
Ответ
Only marked or stated facts. Do not infer scale, equality, perpendicularity, or midpoint status from appearance.
Карточка 119
Вопрос
What multiplier represents a p percent increase or decrease?
Ответ
Use 1 + p/100 for an increase and 1 − p/100 for a decrease.
Карточка 120
Вопрос
Which statements count as evidence?
Ответ
The statements offered as reasons to accept another claim. Evidence may be factual or assumed for the argument, even if it isn't proven in real life.
Карточка 121
Вопрос
Can a mean determine an individual observation?
Ответ
Not by itself. A mean fixes the total, but different sets can have that total unless more constraints apply.
Карточка 122
Вопрос
What weakens a move from past evidence to a present claim?
Ответ
A relevant change over time. New technology, prices, rules, or behavior can make the earlier evidence a poor guide.
Карточка 123
Вопрос
A value becomes 96 after a 20% increase. What was the original value?
Ответ
Divide the final value by the growth multiplier: 96 ÷ 1.2 = 80.
Карточка 124
Вопрос
How do extreme valid cases help in Data Sufficiency?
Ответ
They expose whether the target can change. Test the smallest, largest, or boundary cases allowed by the conditions.
Карточка 125
Вопрос
How do you test for reverse causation?
Ответ
Ask whether the alleged effect could instead cause the alleged cause. Productive teams may meet more because they are productive, not the reverse.
Карточка 126
Вопрос
Must a sufficient statement make every variable unique?
Ответ
No. It only needs to make the requested target unique, even if other variables remain undetermined.
Карточка 127
Вопрос
A price rises 20% and then falls 20%. Does it return to its original value?
Ответ
No. The multipliers give 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, so the final price is 4% below the original.
Карточка 128
Вопрос
Why can a voluntary survey be biased?
Ответ
People who choose to respond may differ from those who don't. Strong opinions or extra interest can distort the sample.
Карточка 129
Вопрос
How do you expand a(b + c)?
Ответ
ab + ac. The outside factor multiplies every term inside the parentheses.
Карточка 130
Вопрос
What should the final Data Sufficiency decision describe?
Ответ
Which information set guarantees an answer. It should not report the target’s numerical value.
Карточка 131
Вопрос
What is the goal when solving a linear equation?
Ответ
Isolate the variable by applying equivalent operations to both sides.
Карточка 132
Вопрос
DS example: Is integer n even? Statement: n = 7. Is the statement sufficient?
Ответ
Yes. It guarantees one answer—no. A statement can be sufficient even when that answer is negative.
Карточка 133
Вопрос
When must an inequality sign reverse?
Ответ
When both sides are multiplied or divided by a negative number.
Карточка 134
Вопрос
What must be checked before comparing two groups?
Ответ
Whether they differ in other relevant ways. Age, experience, starting level, or incentives may explain the outcome instead.
Карточка 135
Вопрос
When is substitution preferable to elimination in a two-equation system?
Ответ
Use substitution when one variable is already isolated or easy to isolate; use elimination when coefficients cancel easily.
Карточка 136
Вопрос
What should you build before analyzing Multi-Source Reasoning material?
Ответ
A quick source map. Note what each tab or document contains, who produced it, and the relevant date or scope.
Карточка 137
Вопрос
How do you separate background from evidence?
Ответ
Ask whether the statement supports a claim. Background sets context; evidence does logical work in moving the argument toward a conclusion.
Карточка 138
Вопрос
Which algebraic terms can be combined?
Ответ
Terms with the same variable part and exponents. For example, 3x² and −5x² combine, but 3x² and 3x do not.
Карточка 139
Вопрос
When should you read the Multi-Source Reasoning question?
Ответ
Before a deep read of every source. The question tells you which details deserve attention.
Карточка 140
Вопрос
What is a reliable first step for an equation containing several fractions?
Ответ
Multiply every term by the least common denominator, then solve the simpler equation.
Карточка 141
Вопрос
Why does source provenance matter?
Ответ
It defines what a claim can support. An internal forecast and an audited result do not carry the same evidentiary weight.
Карточка 142
Вопрос
What should you test when evidence comes from a different setting?
Ответ
Whether the settings differ in a way that affects the result. A finding from one market, school, or climate may not carry over unchanged.
Карточка 143
Вопрос
What does an “and” compound inequality require?
Ответ
The overlap of both solution sets. A value must satisfy both conditions.
Карточка 144
Вопрос
What should you compare before combining claims from two sources?
Ответ
Their population, period, units, and definitions. Matching labels can hide different scopes.
Карточка 145
Вопрос
How can a third factor undermine a causal claim?
Ответ
It may explain both events, so their correlation no longer establishes a direct causal link by itself. Hot weather can raise both cold-drink sales and pool attendance.
Карточка 146
Вопрос
What do one, zero, or infinitely many solutions mean for two linear equations in two variables?
Ответ
The lines intersect once, are parallel and distinct, or are the same line, respectively.
Карточка 147
Вопрос
How should records from separate sources be linked?
Ответ
Use a shared key with the same meaning in both sources, such as product code and month. Do not join on a vague label alone.
Карточка 148
Вопрос
How do you factor 6x + 9?
Ответ
3(2x + 3). Pull out the greatest common factor.
Карточка 149
Вопрос
When does nonresponse threaten a survey result?
Ответ
When nonrespondents may answer differently from respondents. A high response count doesn't fix a systematic missing group.
Карточка 150
Вопрос
What is the first step when two sources seem inconsistent?
Ответ
Compare definitions, dates, units, and aggregation levels. Many apparent conflicts come from mismatched frames.
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Карточка 151
Вопрос
When can you use the zero-product property?
Ответ
After rewriting a product equal to zero. If (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0, then x = 2 or x = −5.
Карточка 152
Вопрос
How does an inference differ from a stated fact?
Ответ
A fact appears directly in a source; an inference must follow from the sources without an extra assumption.
Карточка 153
Вопрос
Does a higher percentage by itself prove a higher count?
Ответ
No. The underlying totals matter. Twenty percent of 1,000 is more than fifty percent of 100.
Карточка 154
Вопрос
What does an “or” compound inequality require?
Ответ
The union of the solution sets. A value may satisfy either condition or both.
Карточка 155
Вопрос
What does a blank or omitted value establish?
Ответ
Only that the value is not provided. It does not establish zero, no change, or failure.
Карточка 156
Вопрос
How do you recognize an intermediate conclusion?
Ответ
It is supported by one claim and supports another. It acts as both a conclusion and a premise in the same argument.
Карточка 157
Вопрос
What should you do before writing equations for a two-quantity word problem?
Ответ
Define each variable with its unit, then translate one independent relationship per equation.
Карточка 158
Вопрос
Why should cross-source events be placed in time order?
Ответ
Sequence separates prior conditions from later outcomes and prevents using future information as an earlier cause.
Карточка 159
Вопрос
When should candidate solutions be checked in the original equation?
Ответ
Always after a step that may introduce solutions, especially squaring both sides or clearing variable denominators.
Карточка 160
Вопрос
How can switching from one measured outcome to another create a gap?
Ответ
Evidence about one metric may not support a conclusion about another. More website visits, for example, don't by themselves mean more sales.
Карточка 161
Вопрос
What makes a source relevant to a claim?
Ответ
It supplies evidence for a required link in the claim. Related background alone is not enough.
Карточка 162
Вопрос
How do you solve a factored polynomial inequality reliably?
Ответ
Find the zeros, split the number line into intervals, and test each interval's sign. Include a zero only when equality is allowed.
Карточка 163
Вопрос
Does happening first prove causation?
Ответ
No. The timing may fit a causal story, but coincidence or another cause can still explain the later event.
Карточка 164
Вопрос
How can you spot an unsupported cross-source conclusion?
Ответ
Identify the bridge between evidence and conclusion. If the sources never establish that bridge, the conclusion needs an assumption.
Карточка 165
Вопрос
What do 0 = 0 and 0 = 5 mean after simplifying an equation?
Ответ
0 = 0 means every allowed value is a solution; 0 = 5 means there is no solution.
Карточка 166
Вопрос
What should you verify before comparing figures from different sources?
Ответ
Common units and denominators. Convert first, then compare the same quantity on the same basis.
Карточка 167
Вопрос
How do you interpret |x − a| < r when r is positive?
Ответ
x is within r units of a: a − r < x < a + r.
Карточка 168
Вопрос
What can a larger sample improve?
Ответ
Precision, if the sampling method is sound. A huge biased sample can still give a confidently wrong picture of the population.
Карточка 169
Вопрос
How should a cross-source recommendation be evaluated?
Ответ
Apply the stated decision rule to the combined evidence. Do not substitute a personal preference for the rule.
Карточка 170
Вопрос
If a worker finishes one job in t hours, what is the worker's hourly rate?
Ответ
1/t of the job per hour.
Карточка 171
Вопрос
What can an average hide?
Ответ
The distribution. Two groups can share an average while differing sharply in range, concentration, or the number of extreme values.
Карточка 172
Вопрос
What should you confirm before submitting a Multi-Source Reasoning answer?
Ответ
That every required part is supported by the correct source and scope. One unsupported component can invalidate the whole decision.
Карточка 173
Вопрос
How do you find the amount of a pure component in a mixture?
Ответ
Concentration × total mixture amount. A 30% solution with volume 20 contains 0.30 × 20 = 6 units of the component.
Карточка 174
Вопрос
What role does a concession usually play?
Ответ
It acknowledges a point that weighs against the conclusion, then answers that point or limits its relevance. Don't mistake the conceded claim for the argument's main conclusion.
Карточка 175
Вопрос
When can an apparent cross-source discrepancy be resolved?
Ответ
When a stated difference in scope or method explains both figures. If no bridge is given, keep the conflict open.
Карточка 176
Вопрос
What is the two-set overlap formula?
Ответ
In A or B = in A + in B − in both. Subtract the overlap because it was counted twice.
Карточка 177
Вопрос
What should you identify first in Table Analysis?
Ответ
The row unit, column definitions, and any notes. This establishes what one record and each value represent.
Карточка 178
Вопрос
What is the fundamental counting principle?
Ответ
Multiply the choices at successive stages when each stage has a fixed number of available choices.
Карточка 179
Вопрос
Why distinguish relative change from absolute change?
Ответ
Relative change is the percentage change; absolute change is the amount added or lost. A 50% rise from 2 adds 1, while a 10% rise from 1,000 adds 100.
Карточка 180
Вопрос
How should a table filter be translated?
Ответ
Turn it into an exact inclusion rule. Apply every condition before counting or comparing rows.
Карточка 181
Вопрос
For equally likely outcomes, what is the basic probability formula?
Ответ
Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.
Карточка 182
Вопрос
What makes a proposed causal mechanism useful?
Ответ
It explains how the cause could produce the effect. A plausible, evidence-backed mechanism strengthens the causal link.
Карточка 183
Вопрос
How do you find the median?
Ответ
Order the values and take the middle value; for an even count, average the two middle values.
Карточка 184
Вопрос
How should numeric values be sorted?
Ответ
By numerical value, not digit order. For example, 12 comes after 9 in ascending order.
Карточка 185
Вопрос
What is missed when evidence includes only successful cases?
Ответ
The failures. Studying only surviving firms can make a strategy look safer or more effective than it is.
Карточка 186
Вопрос
Two machines have stated constant rates of 1/3 and 1/5 job per hour and operate simultaneously without interference. May their rates be added?
Ответ
Yes. The stated rates are constant and the machines do not interfere, so their combined rate is 1/3 + 1/5 = 8/15 job per hour.
Карточка 187
Вопрос
How should a table ratio be built when filters are involved?
Ответ
Derive the numerator and denominator separately from the question, then apply each filter only where it is relevant. Do not automatically filter both quantities or default to all rows.
Карточка 188
Вопрос
What quantity is conserved when two solutions are mixed without loss?
Ответ
The amount of the pure component. Set the sum of the starting component amounts equal to the final component amount.
Карточка 189
Вопрос
When may table rows be added directly?
Ответ
Only when they are disjoint parts of the same measure and use compatible units. Overlapping groups would be double-counted.
Карточка 190
Вопрос
What does n! mean for a positive integer n?
Ответ
The product of the positive integers from 1 through n.
Карточка 191
Вопрос
Where is the argument's logical gap?
Ответ
Between the evidence and the conclusion. State what must connect them without merely repeating either side.
Карточка 192
Вопрос
How do you find the number in neither of two sets?
Ответ
Subtract the number in the union from the total population.
Карточка 193
Вопрос
How should rates from table groups be combined?
Ответ
Divide the total numerator by the total denominator. Weight a group rate by its group size only when that size is the rate's denominator.
Карточка 194
Вопрос
What is wrong with moving from some cases to all cases?
Ответ
The conclusion is broader than the evidence. Evidence that some members have a trait doesn't show that every member does.
Карточка 195
Вопрос
When should you use a permutation?
Ответ
When selecting and arranging items and order matters. The number of ordered selections of r from n distinct items is n!/(n − r)!.
Карточка 196
Вопрос
Why does table granularity matter?
Ответ
A row-level fact may disappear or change after aggregation. Match the claim to the table’s level of detail.
Карточка 197
Вопрос
How do you find the probability that an event does not occur?
Ответ
1 − P(event). This is often the quickest route for “at least one” questions.
Карточка 198
Вопрос
Why does a comparable control group help test causation?
Ответ
It shows what happened without the suspected cause. If the groups differ mainly in that factor, the result is harder to explain another way.
Карточка 199
Вопрос
How should missing table entries be treated?
Ответ
As unknown unless the notes define another meaning. Exclude or include them only as the question directs.
Карточка 200
Вопрос
What is the mode of a data set?
Ответ
A mode is any value with the greatest frequency. Under the no-mode convention, there is no mode only when at least two distinct values all have equal frequency.
Карточка 201
Вопрос
What makes a table comparison valid?
Ответ
The values must have compatible measures, units, periods, populations, and definitions. Normalize only validly convertible differences; reject differences in population, period, or definition that cannot be reconciled.
Карточка 202
Вопрос
What should you check when a prediction extends a past pattern?
Ответ
Whether the conditions behind the past pattern will continue. A trend alone doesn't show that its causes will remain in place.
Карточка 203
Вопрос
How should a drain or other undoing process enter a work-rate equation?
Ответ
As a negative rate. Add productive rates and subtract rates that reverse the work.
Карточка 204
Вопрос
How can you avoid losing your place while scanning a table?
Ответ
Evaluate one condition at a time and mark qualifying rows mentally or on the scratchpad. Count only after the final filter.
Карточка 205
Вопрос
Can evidence that an outcome is possible show it is likely?
Ответ
No. Possibility only shows that an outcome can occur; probability requires evidence about how likely it is.
Карточка 206
Вопрос
What correction is needed when counting the union of three sets?
Ответ
Add the three individual counts, subtract all three pairwise overlaps, then add the triple overlap back once.
Карточка 207
Вопрос
When does a filtered table support a decision?
Ответ
When the qualifying rows satisfy the stated rule. Keep filtering, calculation, and decision as separate steps.
Карточка 208
Вопрос
When should you use a combination?
Ответ
When selecting items and order does not matter. The number of selections of r from n distinct items is n!/[r!(n − r)!].
Карточка 209
Вопрос
What must support a recommendation?
Ответ
A link from the proposed action to the stated goal. The argument also needs the action to be feasible and free of costs that defeat the goal.
Карточка 210
Вопрос
How do AND and OR change a table filter?
Ответ
AND requires every condition; OR requires at least one. Parenthesize mixed rules before scanning rows.
Карточка 211
Вопрос
How do you find the probability that independent events both occur?
Ответ
Multiply their probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
Карточка 212
Вопрос
What can make an alphabetical sort misleading?
Ответ
Labels may contain categories or embedded numbers. Confirm whether the column is text, numeric, or chronological.
Карточка 213
Вопрос
What kind of fact most directly strengthens an argument?
Ответ
A fact that supports the missing link between evidence and conclusion. Merely repeating a premise adds little.
Карточка 214
Вопрос
What is the range of a data set?
Ответ
Maximum value minus minimum value.
Карточка 215
Вопрос
What should you check at a filter cutoff?
Ответ
Whether the boundary is inclusive. “At least 40” includes 40; “more than 40” does not.
Карточка 216
Вопрос
A train covers 150 miles in 3 hours at a constant rate. What is its rate?
Ответ
50 miles per hour. Rearrange distance = rate × time to get rate = 150 ÷ 3.
Карточка 217
Вопрос
What is the most direct way to weaken an argument?
Ответ
Undermine a necessary assumption connecting the evidence to the conclusion. The premises can remain true while the conclusion loses support.
Карточка 218
Вопрос
What does a tie in the sorted column imply?
Ответ
The tied rows share rank on that measure. Their display order does not create a performance difference.
Карточка 219
Вопрос
How do you identify a useful evaluation question?
Ответ
Test whether opposite answers would push the argument in opposite directions. If both answers leave the conclusion unchanged, the question isn't useful.
Карточка 220
Вопрос
What should you identify first in Graphics Interpretation?
Ответ
The chart type and what each visual encoding represents. Bars, lines, areas, and points support different readings.
Карточка 221
Вопрос
How do repeated identical items affect arrangement counts?
Ответ
For n total items, divide n! by the factorial of each repeated count. Identical items do not create new arrangements when swapped.
Карточка 222
Вопрос
What should you read before estimating a plotted value?
Ответ
Both axis labels, units, and category order. Position has meaning only after the axes are understood.
Карточка 223
Вопрос
How do you test whether a statement is a necessary assumption?
Ответ
Negate it. If that negation seriously damages the argument, the original statement was necessary.
Карточка 224
Вопрос
How do you find the probability that one of two mutually exclusive events occurs?
Ответ
Add their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Their overlap is zero.
Карточка 225
Вопрос
What should you verify in a chart legend?
Ответ
Which color, shape, or line maps to each series. Similar styling can otherwise swap the groups in your interpretation.
Карточка 226
Вопрос
What does standard deviation measure?
Ответ
How spread out values are around the mean. Greater dispersion means a larger standard deviation.
Карточка 227
Вопрос
What standard should an inference meet?
Ответ
It must follow from the given statements, without extra assumptions. Choose the modest claim the evidence guarantees.
Карточка 228
Вопрос
What does a segment’s share depend on?
Ответ
The correct whole. A category’s share of one region may differ from its share of the full dataset.
Карточка 229
Вопрос
For motion along the same line, when do you add or subtract two speeds to get relative speed?
Ответ
Add the speeds for opposite directions; subtract the smaller speed from the larger for the same direction.
Карточка 230
Вопрос
What must a paradox explanation accomplish?
Ответ
Make both surprising facts plausible at the same time. Rejecting either stated fact doesn't resolve the tension.
Карточка 231
Вопрос
How is a segment in a stacked bar measured?
Ответ
Subtract its lower boundary from its upper boundary. The upper endpoint alone is cumulative, not the segment value.
Карточка 232
Вопрос
Eight students average 70 and twelve students average 80. What is the combined mean?
Ответ
The group sizes are the weights: (8 × 70 + 12 × 80) ÷ 20 = 76.
Карточка 233
Вопрос
What is the difference between a graph’s level and its rate of change?
Ответ
Level is the plotted value; rate of change is the slope. A high line can still be falling.
Карточка 234
Вопрос
How should you describe a statement's role in an argument?
Ответ
Describe what it does, not just what it says. It may support the conclusion, present an objection, answer that objection, or illustrate a principle.
Карточка 235
Вопрос
What is P(A given B)?
Ответ
P(A and B) / P(B), provided P(B) > 0. Restrict the sample space to outcomes in B.
Карточка 236
Вопрос
How should slope be compared across a graph?
Ответ
Use change in vertical value divided by change in horizontal value. Visual steepness is reliable only on the same scales.
Карточка 237
Вопрос
A driver covers equal distances at 30 mph and 60 mph. Is the average speed 45 mph?
Ответ
No. Using 60 miles for each leg gives 120 miles in 3 hours, so the average speed is 40 mph.
Карточка 238
Вопрос
What should you identify first when evaluating a plan?
Ответ
The plan's exact goal and success measure. A proposal can produce benefits yet still fail its stated objective.
Карточка 239
Вопрос
What does a trend in a scatterplot establish?
Ответ
An association in the displayed data. It does not by itself establish causation or predict every individual point.
Карточка 240
Вопрос
How can you strengthen a causal explanation?
Ответ
Rule out a credible alternative cause, support the proposed mechanism, or show the effect changes when the proposed cause changes.
Карточка 241
Вопрос
How can an outlier affect a graphical trend?
Ответ
It can pull a summary line or average away from the main cluster. Check whether the claim concerns all points or the typical pattern.
Карточка 242
Вопрос
Why do probabilities usually change when sampling without replacement?
Ответ
The sample space changes after each draw. Update both the favorable count and the total before multiplying conditional probabilities.
Карточка 243
Вопрос
One value in an n-value set increases by d. How does the mean change?
Ответ
It increases by d/n because the total rises by d while the count stays fixed.
Карточка 244
Вопрос
When does a counterexample weaken a claim?
Ответ
When the claim requires the counterexample not to exist. One genuine exception can defeat an absolute claim, but may barely affect a modest one.
Карточка 245
Вопрос
What is the parity of the sum of two odd integers?
Ответ
Even. Each odd integer is one more than an even integer, so the two extra ones add to 2.
Карточка 246
Вопрос
What can an aggregate graph hide?
Ответ
Differences among subgroups or periods. A stable total can coexist with large offsetting changes inside it.
Карточка 247
Вопрос
When is interpolation reasonable on a graph?
Ответ
When the graph implies continuity between nearby points. Do not interpolate across separate categories.
Карточка 248
Вопрос
What makes information relevant to evaluating an argument?
Ответ
It bears on the uncertain link the conclusion depends on. Interesting facts about the topic may still be logically irrelevant.
Карточка 249
Вопрос
How precise should a value read from a graph be?
Ответ
Only as precise as the scale supports. Use a defensible interval when the mark falls between ticks.
Карточка 250
Вопрос
Must a necessary assumption prove the conclusion?
Ответ
No. It only has to be required for the argument to work; it need not be enough to establish the conclusion on its own.
Карточка 251
Вопрос
How do you multiply positive numbers written in scientific notation?
Ответ
Multiply the coefficients, add the powers of 10, then adjust the coefficient to be at least 1 and less than 10.
Карточка 252
Вопрос
How should a graph-based decision be made?
Ответ
Translate the visual into values or bounds, then apply the stated rule. Do not decide from appearance alone.
Карточка 253
Вопрос
When is backsolving from answer choices especially useful?
Ответ
When the choices are concrete values and direct algebra is slower than testing them in the original conditions.
Карточка 254
Вопрос
How can axis scale distort a visual impression?
Ответ
Unequal intervals or a truncated baseline can magnify or compress differences. Use tick values, not apparent distance alone.
Карточка 255
Вопрос
When should you combine two statements for an inference?
Ответ
When they share a term or relationship that creates a guaranteed consequence. Don't combine them through an unstated causal or statistical link.
Карточка 256
Вопрос
When is a product of integers odd?
Ответ
Only when every factor is odd. One even factor makes the entire product even.
Карточка 257
Вопрос
What often resolves two apparently conflicting results?
Ответ
A hidden difference in group, time, measurement, or conditions. The results may describe different slices of the situation.
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Вопрос
How should equal distances on a logarithmic axis be interpreted?
Ответ
As equal multiplicative changes, not equal absolute changes. Read the labeled values before comparing gaps.
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Вопрос
Why start with a middle answer choice when backsolving ordered options?
Ответ
Its result often eliminates half the choices at once when the relationship is monotonic.
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Вопрос
What makes a Two-Part Analysis response complete?
Ответ
Both selections must satisfy their own column prompts under the same stem. Treat the pair as one submitted response.
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Вопрос
What is an analogy doing when it supports a claim?
Ответ
It argues that because two cases share relevant features, a result or principle from one likely applies to the other.
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Вопрос
How do you represent three consecutive odd integers?
Ответ
n, n + 2, and n + 4, where n is an odd integer.
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Вопрос
What should you identify before solving Two-Part Analysis?
Ответ
The role of each column. One may ask for a condition while the other asks for a consequence or decision.
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Вопрос
What values should you test first in a claim about an unspecified number?
Ответ
Test allowed categories that may behave differently: positive, negative, zero, fractional, and boundary values.
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Вопрос
How can an unchanged bottleneck defeat a plan?
Ответ
Improving a nonlimiting step won't improve the final outcome if another constraint still controls it. Faster ordering doesn't help when production is already full.
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Вопрос
How does the shared stem affect the two parts?
Ответ
Its definitions and constraints apply to both. Keep them fixed while testing each column’s requirement.
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Вопрос
How do you count the positive divisors of an integer greater than 1 from its prime factorization?
Ответ
Add 1 to each prime exponent, then multiply those results.
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Вопрос
In Two-Part Analysis, must the two selected entries be the same?
Ответ
In the current format, the two selected entries may be the same or different. A linkage in the stem determines whether you must reason through them jointly, not whether their values match.
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Вопрос
What makes evidence for a general claim strong?
Ответ
It should be relevant and reliable and, if case-based, come from representative cases. More evidence isn't automatically better evidence.
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Вопрос
How do you factor a difference of squares?
Ответ
Use x² − y² = (x − y)(x + y).
Карточка 271
Вопрос
When should the two Two-Part Analysis selections be solved together?
Ответ
When one shared relationship constrains both. Test candidate pairs against that relationship instead of solving isolated fragments.
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Вопрос
How can one counterexample evaluate a universal claim?
Ответ
One valid counterexample disproves a claim that is supposed to hold for every allowed value.
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Вопрос
How does an alternative explanation weaken a conclusion?
Ответ
It shows that the evidence can be true without the proposed explanation being true. The alternative must account for the same result.
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Вопрос
In Two-Part Analysis, how can one column help solve the other?
Ответ
A valid selection can narrow the remaining candidates when the parts share a constraint. Recheck the final pair in both columns.
Карточка 275
Вопрос
How do you test whether x² + bx + c factors into integer binomials?
Ответ
Look for integers r and s with r + s = b and rs = c. If they exist, the factorization is (x + r)(x + s).
Карточка 276
Вопрос
Which unknown should you evaluate first in a plan argument?
Ответ
A condition that could make the plan achieve or miss its goal. Focus on feasibility, response, costs, and side effects tied to that goal.
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Вопрос
How should a trade-off between two measures be evaluated?
Ответ
Apply the stated priorities or limits. An option is better only relative to the rule, not because one measure is largest.
Карточка 278
Вопрос
How can estimation screen answer choices before exact calculation?
Ответ
Approximate the expression's magnitude, then eliminate choices that are far too large or too small.
Карточка 279
Вопрос
In a constrained-decision Two-Part Analysis problem, what should you check before comparing candidates?
Ответ
Check every hard constraint first. Discard any option that breaks a required limit, then compare only the feasible candidates.
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Вопрос
What does a defensive assumption do?
Ответ
It rules out a threat that would break the argument. For example, a revenue plan may assume that its added costs won't exceed the new revenue.
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Вопрос
What restriction applies when a variable appears in a denominator?
Ответ
Exclude every value that makes the denominator zero.
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Вопрос
How does an objective differ from a constraint?
Ответ
A constraint determines what is allowed; an objective ranks the allowed options. Apply them in that order.
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Вопрос
Which quick checks catch many Quant answer errors?
Ответ
Check the sign, units, allowed range, and rough size against the question's conditions.
Карточка 284
Вопрос
What inference is safe from a statement about most members?
Ответ
More than half have the stated trait. You can't infer that all do, that any particular member does, or that most have another trait.
Карточка 285
Вопрос
How should a two-part threshold rule be handled?
Ответ
Translate each threshold with the correct inequality, including its boundary. Then test both selected values against it.
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Вопрос
Where can one negative sign appear in a fraction without changing its value?
Ответ
Before the fraction, in the numerator, or in the denominator: −(a/b) = (−a)/b = a/(−b), provided b ≠ 0.
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Вопрос
How does an argument choose between competing explanations?
Ответ
It presents evidence that one explanation handles better than the others, often by ruling out a rival prediction.
Карточка 288
Вопрос
What is an efficient way to handle two linked algebraic targets?
Ответ
Express both in terms of one variable or invariant. Evaluate candidate values only after the relationship is clear.
Карточка 289
Вопрос
How do you solve x² = c over the real numbers?
Ответ
If c > 0, x = ±√c; if c = 0, x = 0; if c < 0, there is no real solution.
Карточка 290
Вопрос
What should you check when two selected quantities form a ratio?
Ответ
Order and scale. The ratio A:B is not interchangeable with B:A, and proportional pairs may all fit.
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Вопрос
How does a positive proper fraction compare with 1?
Ответ
It is less than 1 because its numerator is smaller than its denominator.
Карточка 292
Вопрос
Which side effects matter when evaluating a plan?
Ответ
Effects that change the plan's net result or work against its goal. A small unrelated inconvenience usually doesn't matter.
Карточка 293
Вопрос
How should a two-part logical claim be tested?
Ответ
Separate the condition from the conclusion, then test whether each selected statement performs the requested role.
Карточка 294
Вопрос
What is the solution pattern for |x| = a over the real numbers?
Ответ
If a > 0, x = ±a; if a = 0, x = 0; if a < 0, there is no real solution.
Карточка 295
Вопрос
What unit check belongs in a two-part quantitative answer?
Ответ
Confirm that each selection has the unit requested by its column. Linked values may require different conversions.
Карточка 296
Вопрос
Why does user response matter to a plan?
Ответ
The plan may depend on people adopting, following, or not avoiding it. Availability alone doesn't guarantee the needed behavior.
Карточка 297
Вопрос
A response rate rises from 40% to 50%. What are the percentage-point change and the relative percent increase?
Ответ
The increase is 10 percentage points and 25% relative to the original rate: (50 − 40) ÷ 40 = 0.25.
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Вопрос
What is the final check for Two-Part Analysis?
Ответ
Read each column prompt with its chosen entry, then verify that the pair is jointly consistent with the stem.
Карточка 299
Вопрос
For real x and y, what two linear cases are equivalent to x² = y²?
Ответ
x = y or x = −y.
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Вопрос
How should benefits and costs be compared in a plan argument?
Ответ
By their net effect on the stated goal. A plan can create the intended benefit but still fail if its relevant costs are larger.

Abstract study workspace with blue number blocks, amber argument notes, and teal charts around a central light.

300 карточек

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

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