GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

300 original flashcards for current-format GMAT Quant, Verbal, and Data Insights concepts, cues, and reusable decisions.

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GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

Build quick recall for the current GMAT with 300 original cards across Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The deck focuses on reusable concepts and decisions; full-length practice belongs in official or properly licensed question banks.

What the cards map

  • Quant maps numeric forms, terms, rules, and formulas to their meaning, conditions, or use. Short scenarios ask for the operation, equation, or answer check that fits.
  • Verbal maps passage and argument cues to purpose, scope, evidence, inference, reasoning flaws, and evaluation moves.
  • Data Insights maps targets, constraints, source and display cues, metrics, and evidence states to the interpretation or decision they support. It covers Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, and Two-Part Analysis.

Learning order

The mixed sequence keeps all three sections in rotation. Quant foundations come before algebra, models, and strategy checks; passage reading comes before argument evaluation; shared data literacy comes before the five Data Insights formats. Closely related prompts are spaced apart so one card does not cue the next.

Current-format boundary

This deck has no geometry lessons or formula drills, Sentence Correction, or the retired Integrated Reasoning section. It also excludes timing, scoring, test-center policy, full passages, large data sets, and response-pattern tricks.

Every card is an original compact concept or decision prompt. No official or competitor questions, answer choices, explanations, mark schemes, curriculum text, logos, or trade dress were copied or adapted. See the official GMAT exam content and Data Insights preparation guidance for the current exam boundary.

This is an independent, unofficial study resource. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAT is used only to identify the exam.

Tarjetas de este mazo

  1. Tarjeta 1

    Pregunta

    Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?

    Respuesta

    Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.

  2. Tarjeta 2

    Pregunta

    What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?

    Respuesta

    Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.

  3. Tarjeta 3

    Pregunta

    How do you form a passage's main idea?

    Respuesta

    Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.

  4. Tarjeta 4

    Pregunta

    What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?

    Respuesta

    It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.

  5. Tarjeta 5

    Pregunta

    What makes information sufficient for a value question?

    Respuesta

    It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.

  6. Tarjeta 6

    Pregunta

    How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?

    Respuesta

    Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.

  7. Tarjeta 7

    Pregunta

    How do you find p percent of a quantity q?

    Respuesta

    Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.

  8. Tarjeta 8

    Pregunta

    How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?

    Respuesta

    Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.

  9. Tarjeta 9

    Pregunta

    How do you determine a paragraph's role?

    Respuesta

    Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.

  10. Tarjeta 10

    Pregunta

    A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?

    Respuesta

    18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.

  11. Tarjeta 11

    Pregunta

    Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?

    Respuesta

    It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.

  12. Tarjeta 12

    Pregunta

    When is a product of signed factors negative?

    Respuesta

    Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.

  13. Tarjeta 13

    Pregunta

    How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?

    Respuesta

    Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.

  14. Tarjeta 14

    Pregunta

    What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?

    Respuesta

    It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.

  15. Tarjeta 15

    Pregunta

    What should you do first on a detail question?

    Respuesta

    Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.

  16. Tarjeta 16

    Pregunta

    What is the divisibility rule for 2?

    Respuesta

    The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

  17. Tarjeta 17

    Pregunta

    How do you test whether a fact is relevant?

    Respuesta

    Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.

  18. Tarjeta 18

    Pregunta

    How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?

    Respuesta

    Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.

  19. Tarjeta 19

    Pregunta

    Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?

    Respuesta

    It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.

  20. Tarjeta 20

    Pregunta

    What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?

    Respuesta

    First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.

  21. Tarjeta 21

    Pregunta

    How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?

    Respuesta

    Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.

  22. Tarjeta 22

    Pregunta

    Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?

    Respuesta

    Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.

  23. Tarjeta 23

    Pregunta

    How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?

    Respuesta

    Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.

  24. Tarjeta 24

    Pregunta

    How do you multiply powers with the same base?

    Respuesta

    Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.

  25. Tarjeta 25

    Pregunta

    How is a weighted average computed?

    Respuesta

    Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.

  26. Tarjeta 26

    Pregunta

    What should a quick passage map record?

    Respuesta

    Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.

  27. Tarjeta 27

    Pregunta

    What does the principal square root symbol √x return?

    Respuesta

    For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.

  28. Tarjeta 28

    Pregunta

    When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?

    Respuesta

    When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.

  29. Tarjeta 29

    Pregunta

    How do you keep viewpoints separate?

    Respuesta

    Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.

  30. Tarjeta 30

    Pregunta

    How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?

    Respuesta

    They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.

  31. Tarjeta 31

    Pregunta

    How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?

    Respuesta

    Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.

  32. Tarjeta 32

    Pregunta

    What evidence should determine the author's tone?

    Respuesta

    Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.

  33. Tarjeta 33

    Pregunta

    When should rounding usually occur?

    Respuesta

    At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.

  34. Tarjeta 34

    Pregunta

    How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?

    Respuesta

    Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.

  35. Tarjeta 35

    Pregunta

    When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?

    Respuesta

    As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.

  36. Tarjeta 36

    Pregunta

    How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?

    Respuesta

    It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.

  37. Tarjeta 37

    Pregunta

    What is the percent-change formula?

    Respuesta

    For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.

  38. Tarjeta 38

    Pregunta

    What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?

    Respuesta

    It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.

  39. Tarjeta 39

    Pregunta

    What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?

    Respuesta

    Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.

  40. Tarjeta 40

    Pregunta

    How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?

    Respuesta

    Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.

  41. Tarjeta 41

    Pregunta

    Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?

    Respuesta

    Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.

  42. Tarjeta 42

    Pregunta

    How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?

    Respuesta

    Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.

  43. Tarjeta 43

    Pregunta

    Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?

    Respuesta

    The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.

  44. Tarjeta 44

    Pregunta

    When is the on-screen calculator most useful?

    Respuesta

    For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.

  45. Tarjeta 45

    Pregunta

    In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?

    Respuesta

    Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.

  46. Tarjeta 46

    Pregunta

    What is the divisibility rule for 3?

    Respuesta

    The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.

  47. Tarjeta 47

    Pregunta

    What does a transition paragraph often do?

    Respuesta

    It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.

  48. Tarjeta 48

    Pregunta

    When is a proxy measure useful?

    Respuesta

    When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.

  49. Tarjeta 49

    Pregunta

    How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?

    Respuesta

    Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.

  50. Tarjeta 50

    Pregunta

    What is the arithmetic mean?

    Respuesta

    The sum of the values divided by the number of values.

  51. Tarjeta 51

    Pregunta

    What units should a rate have?

    Respuesta

    One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.

  52. Tarjeta 52

    Pregunta

    How do you divide powers with the same nonzero base?

    Respuesta

    Subtract the exponents: aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ.

  53. Tarjeta 53

    Pregunta

    What makes a paraphrase faithful to a passage detail?

    Respuesta

    It preserves the original meaning, scope, and certainty in different words. Shared keywords alone don't make it accurate.

  54. Tarjeta 54

    Pregunta

    How do you recover a total from an average?

    Respuesta

    Total = average × number of values.

  55. Tarjeta 55

    Pregunta

    How do you choose between two plausible reading inferences?

    Respuesta

    Choose the one with the tighter textual chain and fewer assumptions. Plausibility in the real world is secondary.

  56. Tarjeta 56

    Pregunta

    What quick check can catch a calculator-entry error?

    Respuesta

    Estimate the order of magnitude and direction first. An exact result far outside that range deserves another look.

  57. Tarjeta 57

    Pregunta

    How do you simplify a square root with a perfect-square factor?

    Respuesta

    Factor out the perfect square. For example, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.

  58. Tarjeta 58

    Pregunta

    What makes a new example parallel to one in the passage?

    Respuesta

    The same logical relationship. Match cause, contrast, exception, or function rather than shared subject matter.

  59. Tarjeta 59

    Pregunta

    When can work rates be added?

    Respuesta

    Add the stated constant rates when the workers operate simultaneously without interfering with one another. At 1/4 and 1/6 job per hour, together they complete 5/12 job per hour.

  60. Tarjeta 60

    Pregunta

    What is the denominator in a percent comparison?

    Respuesta

    The stated reference value. “A as a percent of B” means A divided by B, then multiplied by 100.

  61. Tarjeta 61

    Pregunta

    How do you translate “5 less than x”?

    Respuesta

    x − 5. The phrase “less than” reverses the spoken order.

  62. Tarjeta 62

    Pregunta

    In Data Sufficiency, what should you check before testing values?

    Respuesta

    The full domain. Honor stated restrictions and implicit ones such as positive lengths or nonzero divisors before judging sufficiency.

  63. Tarjeta 63

    Pregunta

    How do you add fractions with different denominators?

    Respuesta

    Rewrite them with a common denominator, then add the numerators. For example, 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.

  64. Tarjeta 64

    Pregunta

    How do you distinguish description from argument in a passage?

    Respuesta

    Description presents what happened or what a view says; argument gives reasons to accept, reject, or revise a claim.

  65. Tarjeta 65

    Pregunta

    How should you compare decimals with different lengths?

    Respuesta

    Append trailing zeros and compare place by place. For example, compare 0.47 with 0.4700, which are equal.

  66. Tarjeta 66

    Pregunta

    How should combined statements be evaluated?

    Respuesta

    Intersect their constraints with the stem. The combination is sufficient only if every remaining case gives one answer.

  67. Tarjeta 67

    Pregunta

    How do you find common ground between two viewpoints?

    Respuesta

    Look for the narrow claim both accept, even if they disagree about its cause, importance, or implications.

  68. Tarjeta 68

    Pregunta

    How do you solve a proportion such as a/b = c/d?

    Respuesta

    Cross-multiply to get ad = bc, provided b and d are nonzero.

  69. Tarjeta 69

    Pregunta

    How is average speed computed?

    Respuesta

    Total distance divided by total time. It is not usually the simple mean of the segment speeds.

  70. Tarjeta 70

    Pregunta

    What does |x| represent?

    Respuesta

    The nonnegative distance from x to 0 on the number line.

  71. Tarjeta 71

    Pregunta

    Why are strongly emotional tone descriptions often wrong?

    Respuesta

    They overstate measured academic prose. Match the answer's intensity to the author's actual language.

  72. Tarjeta 72

    Pregunta

    What is the divisibility rule for 4?

    Respuesta

    The number formed by the last two digits must be divisible by 4.

  73. Tarjeta 73

    Pregunta

    Can the ordinary percent-change formula be applied directly when the original value is zero or negative?

    Respuesta

    No. The ordinary GMAT rule assumes original > 0. Change from zero is undefined, and a negative baseline requires context-specific interpretation.

  74. Tarjeta 74

    Pregunta

    Why can a true statement still be a wrong answer?

    Respuesta

    It may not answer the question asked. Check the task—main idea, detail, inference, role, or purpose—before checking truth.

  75. Tarjeta 75

    Pregunta

    When must a weighted average lie between its component values?

    Respuesta

    When every weight is nonnegative and the total weight is positive. The average then lies between the smallest and largest component values.

  76. Tarjeta 76

    Pregunta

    How do you express an integer n divided by d with remainder r?

    Respuesta

    n = dq + r, where q is an integer and 0 ≤ r < d for positive d.

  77. Tarjeta 77

    Pregunta

    What does an inequality usually provide?

    Respuesta

    A range, not a unique value. It can still be sufficient if the question asks whether a threshold is crossed.

  78. Tarjeta 78

    Pregunta

    How should you handle an EXCEPT detail prompt?

    Respuesta

    Verify four statements against the passage and select the one that isn't supported. Keep the reversed task visible while checking each choice.

  79. Tarjeta 79

    Pregunta

    How should you set up a unit conversion?

    Respuesta

    Multiply by a conversion factor equal to 1, placing units so the unwanted unit cancels.

  80. Tarjeta 80

    Pregunta

    Can two individually insufficient statements remain insufficient together?

    Respuesta

    Yes. They may repeat the same limitation or still leave multiple valid answers.

  81. Tarjeta 81

    Pregunta

    For a positive base, how do you simplify a power raised to another power?

    Respuesta

    Multiply the exponents: (aᵐ)ⁿ = a^(mn).

  82. Tarjeta 82

    Pregunta

    When can you infer that an author accepts a claim?

    Respuesta

    When the author endorses it directly or relies on it without distancing language. Merely reporting another person's view isn't endorsement.

  83. Tarjeta 83

    Pregunta

    How should successive percentage changes be combined?

    Respuesta

    Multiply their factors. A 10% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99, a 1% net fall.

  84. Tarjeta 84

    Pregunta

    What are compatible numbers in estimation?

    Respuesta

    Nearby numbers chosen to make mental arithmetic easy, such as 203 ÷ 9.9 ≈ 200 ÷ 10 = 20.

  85. Tarjeta 85

    Pregunta

    Which constraints are easy to overlook in a word problem?

    Respuesta

    Countability, positivity, distinctness, and capacity limits. Translate each noun and rule into a usable constraint.

  86. Tarjeta 86

    Pregunta

    How do you state the exact disagreement between two viewpoints?

    Respuesta

    Identify one claim that one side accepts and the other rejects. Don't substitute a topic that only one side discusses.

  87. Tarjeta 87

    Pregunta

    How do you represent three consecutive integers?

    Respuesta

    n, n + 1, and n + 2 for an integer n.

  88. Tarjeta 88

    Pregunta

    How do percentage points differ from percent change?

    Respuesta

    Percentage points are the direct difference between percentages. Moving from 20% to 25% is 5 points and a 25% relative increase.

  89. Tarjeta 89

    Pregunta

    What is a reversed-relationship trap?

    Respuesta

    It swaps cause and effect, support and conclusion, or the positions of two viewpoints while reusing familiar passage language.

  90. Tarjeta 90

    Pregunta

    How do you multiply two fractions?

    Respuesta

    Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator, canceling common factors when convenient.

  91. Tarjeta 91

    Pregunta

    How do direct and inverse proportion differ?

    Respuesta

    Direct: y = kx; inverse: y = k/x for x ≠ 0.

  92. Tarjeta 92

    Pregunta

    How do you recover an original value after a percentage increase?

    Respuesta

    Divide the new value by the growth factor. After a 20% increase, original = new ÷ 1.20.

  93. Tarjeta 93

    Pregunta

    When should absolute wording raise suspicion?

    Respuesta

    When the passage is qualified. Words such as always, never, entirely, and impossible require equally strong textual support.

  94. Tarjeta 94

    Pregunta

    What should you identify first in Data Sufficiency?

    Respuesta

    The exact target and answer type. Decide whether the stem asks for a value, a comparison, or a yes-or-no result.

  95. Tarjeta 95

    Pregunta

    What ending makes an integer divisible by 5 or by 10?

    Respuesta

    A last digit of 0 or 5 gives divisibility by 5; a last digit of 0 gives divisibility by 10.

  96. Tarjeta 96

    Pregunta

    How should a Data Sufficiency condition be handled?

    Respuesta

    Translate it into a precise constraint before testing sufficiency. Keep it separate from the conclusion you want.

  97. Tarjeta 97

    Pregunta

    How do you reject a half-right answer?

    Respuesta

    Test every part of it. One accurate clause can't rescue a second clause that distorts the passage or exceeds its scope.

  98. Tarjeta 98

    Pregunta

    When you convert a positive measurement to a smaller linear unit, what happens to its numerical value?

    Respuesta

    It increases. Multiply by the number of smaller units in one larger unit.

  99. Tarjeta 99

    Pregunta

    DS example: Is x > 5? Statement: x > 3. Is the statement sufficient?

    Respuesta

    No. Both x = 4 and x = 6 satisfy the statement, but they answer the stem differently.

  100. Tarjeta 100

    Pregunta

    What is a⁰ when a is nonzero?

    Respuesta

    1. The nonzero-base condition matters because 0⁰ is not assigned this rule.
  101. Tarjeta 101

    Pregunta

    Which claim is the argument trying to establish?

    Respuesta

    The main conclusion. Find the claim supported by the other statements, then check that it answers the argument's central issue.

  102. Tarjeta 102

    Pregunta

    When should the two statements be combined?

    Respuesta

    When neither statement is sufficient alone. Use both constraints at once and test the remaining possibilities.

  103. Tarjeta 103

    Pregunta

    A positive number rounds to 8.2 to the nearest tenth. What interval contains it?

    Respuesta

    8.15 ≤ x < 8.25. The lower endpoint rounds up to 8.2; the upper endpoint rounds to 8.3.

  104. Tarjeta 104

    Pregunta

    What should you check when the conclusion changes populations?

    Respuesta

    Whether the evidence applies to the new population. Results from volunteers, specialists, or one age group may not transfer to everyone.

  105. Tarjeta 105

    Pregunta

    How should test values be chosen in Data Sufficiency?

    Respuesta

    Choose valid values that probe boundaries, signs, and distinct outcomes. Random easy values can miss the deciding case.

  106. Tarjeta 106

    Pregunta

    How do you translate “A is 30% more than B”?

    Respuesta

    A = 1.30B. The percentage is based on B.

  107. Tarjeta 107

    Pregunta

    When can one equation involving two variables be sufficient for a target?

    Respuesta

    When every valid solution gives the same target value, even if neither variable is unique. For example, x + y = 10 is sufficient to determine x + y.

  108. Tarjeta 108

    Pregunta

    What does a correlation establish by itself?

    Respuesta

    Only that two things vary together. It doesn't establish which one causes the other or whether a third factor causes both.

  109. Tarjeta 109

    Pregunta

    How do you divide by a nonzero fraction?

    Respuesta

    Multiply by its reciprocal. For example, 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2.

  110. Tarjeta 110

    Pregunta

    Why is a ratio often insufficient for an absolute value?

    Respuesta

    A ratio fixes relative size but usually leaves the scale free. Many proportional pairs can share the same ratio.

  111. Tarjeta 111

    Pregunta

    What is the divisibility rule for 9?

    Respuesta

    The sum of the digits must be divisible by 9.

  112. Tarjeta 112

    Pregunta

    What matters most when applying a sample result to a population?

    Respuesta

    Representativeness. The sample must resemble the target population on traits that could affect the result.

  113. Tarjeta 113

    Pregunta

    What should you check after solving a squared equation?

    Respuesta

    Check every allowed root. If positive and negative roots produce different target answers, the information is insufficient.

  114. Tarjeta 114

    Pregunta

    What does a negative exponent mean?

    Respuesta

    It takes the reciprocal: a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ for nonzero a.

  115. Tarjeta 115

    Pregunta

    Which baseline makes a comparison informative?

    Respuesta

    The baseline relevant to the claim. Compare the outcome with what would otherwise have happened, not merely with an unrelated earlier figure.

  116. Tarjeta 116

    Pregunta

    What risk appears when an equation factors into multiple branches?

    Respuesta

    Each branch may create valid cases. Test all branches against the stem before deciding sufficiency.

  117. Tarjeta 117

    Pregunta

    How can you compare two positive fractions quickly?

    Respuesta

    Compare their cross-products. For a/b and c/d with positive denominators, compare ad with bc.

  118. Tarjeta 118

    Pregunta

    What may be assumed from a Data Sufficiency diagram?

    Respuesta

    Only marked or stated facts. Do not infer scale, equality, perpendicularity, or midpoint status from appearance.

  119. Tarjeta 119

    Pregunta

    What multiplier represents a p percent increase or decrease?

    Respuesta

    Use 1 + p/100 for an increase and 1 − p/100 for a decrease.

  120. Tarjeta 120

    Pregunta

    Which statements count as evidence?

    Respuesta

    The statements offered as reasons to accept another claim. Evidence may be factual or assumed for the argument, even if it isn't proven in real life.

  121. Tarjeta 121

    Pregunta

    Can a mean determine an individual observation?

    Respuesta

    Not by itself. A mean fixes the total, but different sets can have that total unless more constraints apply.

  122. Tarjeta 122

    Pregunta

    What weakens a move from past evidence to a present claim?

    Respuesta

    A relevant change over time. New technology, prices, rules, or behavior can make the earlier evidence a poor guide.

  123. Tarjeta 123

    Pregunta

    A value becomes 96 after a 20% increase. What was the original value?

    Respuesta

    1. Divide the final value by the growth multiplier: 96 ÷ 1.2 = 80.
  124. Tarjeta 124

    Pregunta

    How do extreme valid cases help in Data Sufficiency?

    Respuesta

    They expose whether the target can change. Test the smallest, largest, or boundary cases allowed by the conditions.

  125. Tarjeta 125

    Pregunta

    How do you test for reverse causation?

    Respuesta

    Ask whether the alleged effect could instead cause the alleged cause. Productive teams may meet more because they are productive, not the reverse.

  126. Tarjeta 126

    Pregunta

    Must a sufficient statement make every variable unique?

    Respuesta

    No. It only needs to make the requested target unique, even if other variables remain undetermined.

  127. Tarjeta 127

    Pregunta

    A price rises 20% and then falls 20%. Does it return to its original value?

    Respuesta

    No. The multipliers give 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, so the final price is 4% below the original.

  128. Tarjeta 128

    Pregunta

    Why can a voluntary survey be biased?

    Respuesta

    People who choose to respond may differ from those who don't. Strong opinions or extra interest can distort the sample.

  129. Tarjeta 129

    Pregunta

    How do you expand a(b + c)?

    Respuesta

    ab + ac. The outside factor multiplies every term inside the parentheses.

  130. Tarjeta 130

    Pregunta

    What should the final Data Sufficiency decision describe?

    Respuesta

    Which information set guarantees an answer. It should not report the target’s numerical value.

  131. Tarjeta 131

    Pregunta

    What is the goal when solving a linear equation?

    Respuesta

    Isolate the variable by applying equivalent operations to both sides.

  132. Tarjeta 132

    Pregunta

    DS example: Is integer n even? Statement: n = 7. Is the statement sufficient?

    Respuesta

    Yes. It guarantees one answer—no. A statement can be sufficient even when that answer is negative.

  133. Tarjeta 133

    Pregunta

    When must an inequality sign reverse?

    Respuesta

    When both sides are multiplied or divided by a negative number.

  134. Tarjeta 134

    Pregunta

    What must be checked before comparing two groups?

    Respuesta

    Whether they differ in other relevant ways. Age, experience, starting level, or incentives may explain the outcome instead.

  135. Tarjeta 135

    Pregunta

    When is substitution preferable to elimination in a two-equation system?

    Respuesta

    Use substitution when one variable is already isolated or easy to isolate; use elimination when coefficients cancel easily.

  136. Tarjeta 136

    Pregunta

    What should you build before analyzing Multi-Source Reasoning material?

    Respuesta

    A quick source map. Note what each tab or document contains, who produced it, and the relevant date or scope.

  137. Tarjeta 137

    Pregunta

    How do you separate background from evidence?

    Respuesta

    Ask whether the statement supports a claim. Background sets context; evidence does logical work in moving the argument toward a conclusion.

  138. Tarjeta 138

    Pregunta

    Which algebraic terms can be combined?

    Respuesta

    Terms with the same variable part and exponents. For example, 3x² and −5x² combine, but 3x² and 3x do not.

  139. Tarjeta 139

    Pregunta

    When should you read the Multi-Source Reasoning question?

    Respuesta

    Before a deep read of every source. The question tells you which details deserve attention.

  140. Tarjeta 140

    Pregunta

    What is a reliable first step for an equation containing several fractions?

    Respuesta

    Multiply every term by the least common denominator, then solve the simpler equation.

  141. Tarjeta 141

    Pregunta

    Why does source provenance matter?

    Respuesta

    It defines what a claim can support. An internal forecast and an audited result do not carry the same evidentiary weight.

  142. Tarjeta 142

    Pregunta

    What should you test when evidence comes from a different setting?

    Respuesta

    Whether the settings differ in a way that affects the result. A finding from one market, school, or climate may not carry over unchanged.

  143. Tarjeta 143

    Pregunta

    What does an “and” compound inequality require?

    Respuesta

    The overlap of both solution sets. A value must satisfy both conditions.

  144. Tarjeta 144

    Pregunta

    What should you compare before combining claims from two sources?

    Respuesta

    Their population, period, units, and definitions. Matching labels can hide different scopes.

  145. Tarjeta 145

    Pregunta

    How can a third factor undermine a causal claim?

    Respuesta

    It may explain both events, so their correlation no longer establishes a direct causal link by itself. Hot weather can raise both cold-drink sales and pool attendance.

  146. Tarjeta 146

    Pregunta

    What do one, zero, or infinitely many solutions mean for two linear equations in two variables?

    Respuesta

    The lines intersect once, are parallel and distinct, or are the same line, respectively.

  147. Tarjeta 147

    Pregunta

    How should records from separate sources be linked?

    Respuesta

    Use a shared key with the same meaning in both sources, such as product code and month. Do not join on a vague label alone.

  148. Tarjeta 148

    Pregunta

    How do you factor 6x + 9?

    Respuesta

    3(2x + 3). Pull out the greatest common factor.

  149. Tarjeta 149

    Pregunta

    When does nonresponse threaten a survey result?

    Respuesta

    When nonrespondents may answer differently from respondents. A high response count doesn't fix a systematic missing group.

  150. Tarjeta 150

    Pregunta

    What is the first step when two sources seem inconsistent?

    Respuesta

    Compare definitions, dates, units, and aggregation levels. Many apparent conflicts come from mismatched frames.

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  151. Tarjeta 151

    Pregunta

    When can you use the zero-product property?

    Respuesta

    After rewriting a product equal to zero. If (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0, then x = 2 or x = −5.

  152. Tarjeta 152

    Pregunta

    How does an inference differ from a stated fact?

    Respuesta

    A fact appears directly in a source; an inference must follow from the sources without an extra assumption.

  153. Tarjeta 153

    Pregunta

    Does a higher percentage by itself prove a higher count?

    Respuesta

    No. The underlying totals matter. Twenty percent of 1,000 is more than fifty percent of 100.

  154. Tarjeta 154

    Pregunta

    What does an “or” compound inequality require?

    Respuesta

    The union of the solution sets. A value may satisfy either condition or both.

  155. Tarjeta 155

    Pregunta

    What does a blank or omitted value establish?

    Respuesta

    Only that the value is not provided. It does not establish zero, no change, or failure.

  156. Tarjeta 156

    Pregunta

    How do you recognize an intermediate conclusion?

    Respuesta

    It is supported by one claim and supports another. It acts as both a conclusion and a premise in the same argument.

  157. Tarjeta 157

    Pregunta

    What should you do before writing equations for a two-quantity word problem?

    Respuesta

    Define each variable with its unit, then translate one independent relationship per equation.

  158. Tarjeta 158

    Pregunta

    Why should cross-source events be placed in time order?

    Respuesta

    Sequence separates prior conditions from later outcomes and prevents using future information as an earlier cause.

  159. Tarjeta 159

    Pregunta

    When should candidate solutions be checked in the original equation?

    Respuesta

    Always after a step that may introduce solutions, especially squaring both sides or clearing variable denominators.

  160. Tarjeta 160

    Pregunta

    How can switching from one measured outcome to another create a gap?

    Respuesta

    Evidence about one metric may not support a conclusion about another. More website visits, for example, don't by themselves mean more sales.

  161. Tarjeta 161

    Pregunta

    What makes a source relevant to a claim?

    Respuesta

    It supplies evidence for a required link in the claim. Related background alone is not enough.

  162. Tarjeta 162

    Pregunta

    How do you solve a factored polynomial inequality reliably?

    Respuesta

    Find the zeros, split the number line into intervals, and test each interval's sign. Include a zero only when equality is allowed.

  163. Tarjeta 163

    Pregunta

    Does happening first prove causation?

    Respuesta

    No. The timing may fit a causal story, but coincidence or another cause can still explain the later event.

  164. Tarjeta 164

    Pregunta

    How can you spot an unsupported cross-source conclusion?

    Respuesta

    Identify the bridge between evidence and conclusion. If the sources never establish that bridge, the conclusion needs an assumption.

  165. Tarjeta 165

    Pregunta

    What do 0 = 0 and 0 = 5 mean after simplifying an equation?

    Respuesta

    0 = 0 means every allowed value is a solution; 0 = 5 means there is no solution.

  166. Tarjeta 166

    Pregunta

    What should you verify before comparing figures from different sources?

    Respuesta

    Common units and denominators. Convert first, then compare the same quantity on the same basis.

  167. Tarjeta 167

    Pregunta

    How do you interpret |x − a| < r when r is positive?

    Respuesta

    x is within r units of a: a − r < x < a + r.

  168. Tarjeta 168

    Pregunta

    What can a larger sample improve?

    Respuesta

    Precision, if the sampling method is sound. A huge biased sample can still give a confidently wrong picture of the population.

  169. Tarjeta 169

    Pregunta

    How should a cross-source recommendation be evaluated?

    Respuesta

    Apply the stated decision rule to the combined evidence. Do not substitute a personal preference for the rule.

  170. Tarjeta 170

    Pregunta

    If a worker finishes one job in t hours, what is the worker's hourly rate?

    Respuesta

    1/t of the job per hour.

  171. Tarjeta 171

    Pregunta

    What can an average hide?

    Respuesta

    The distribution. Two groups can share an average while differing sharply in range, concentration, or the number of extreme values.

  172. Tarjeta 172

    Pregunta

    What should you confirm before submitting a Multi-Source Reasoning answer?

    Respuesta

    That every required part is supported by the correct source and scope. One unsupported component can invalidate the whole decision.

  173. Tarjeta 173

    Pregunta

    How do you find the amount of a pure component in a mixture?

    Respuesta

    Concentration × total mixture amount. A 30% solution with volume 20 contains 0.30 × 20 = 6 units of the component.

  174. Tarjeta 174

    Pregunta

    What role does a concession usually play?

    Respuesta

    It acknowledges a point that weighs against the conclusion, then answers that point or limits its relevance. Don't mistake the conceded claim for the argument's main conclusion.

  175. Tarjeta 175

    Pregunta

    When can an apparent cross-source discrepancy be resolved?

    Respuesta

    When a stated difference in scope or method explains both figures. If no bridge is given, keep the conflict open.

  176. Tarjeta 176

    Pregunta

    What is the two-set overlap formula?

    Respuesta

    In A or B = in A + in B − in both. Subtract the overlap because it was counted twice.

  177. Tarjeta 177

    Pregunta

    What should you identify first in Table Analysis?

    Respuesta

    The row unit, column definitions, and any notes. This establishes what one record and each value represent.

  178. Tarjeta 178

    Pregunta

    What is the fundamental counting principle?

    Respuesta

    Multiply the choices at successive stages when each stage has a fixed number of available choices.

  179. Tarjeta 179

    Pregunta

    Why distinguish relative change from absolute change?

    Respuesta

    Relative change is the percentage change; absolute change is the amount added or lost. A 50% rise from 2 adds 1, while a 10% rise from 1,000 adds 100.

  180. Tarjeta 180

    Pregunta

    How should a table filter be translated?

    Respuesta

    Turn it into an exact inclusion rule. Apply every condition before counting or comparing rows.

  181. Tarjeta 181

    Pregunta

    For equally likely outcomes, what is the basic probability formula?

    Respuesta

    Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.

  182. Tarjeta 182

    Pregunta

    What makes a proposed causal mechanism useful?

    Respuesta

    It explains how the cause could produce the effect. A plausible, evidence-backed mechanism strengthens the causal link.

  183. Tarjeta 183

    Pregunta

    How do you find the median?

    Respuesta

    Order the values and take the middle value; for an even count, average the two middle values.

  184. Tarjeta 184

    Pregunta

    How should numeric values be sorted?

    Respuesta

    By numerical value, not digit order. For example, 12 comes after 9 in ascending order.

  185. Tarjeta 185

    Pregunta

    What is missed when evidence includes only successful cases?

    Respuesta

    The failures. Studying only surviving firms can make a strategy look safer or more effective than it is.

  186. Tarjeta 186

    Pregunta

    Two machines have stated constant rates of 1/3 and 1/5 job per hour and operate simultaneously without interference. May their rates be added?

    Respuesta

    Yes. The stated rates are constant and the machines do not interfere, so their combined rate is 1/3 + 1/5 = 8/15 job per hour.

  187. Tarjeta 187

    Pregunta

    How should a table ratio be built when filters are involved?

    Respuesta

    Derive the numerator and denominator separately from the question, then apply each filter only where it is relevant. Do not automatically filter both quantities or default to all rows.

  188. Tarjeta 188

    Pregunta

    What quantity is conserved when two solutions are mixed without loss?

    Respuesta

    The amount of the pure component. Set the sum of the starting component amounts equal to the final component amount.

  189. Tarjeta 189

    Pregunta

    When may table rows be added directly?

    Respuesta

    Only when they are disjoint parts of the same measure and use compatible units. Overlapping groups would be double-counted.

  190. Tarjeta 190

    Pregunta

    What does n! mean for a positive integer n?

    Respuesta

    The product of the positive integers from 1 through n.

  191. Tarjeta 191

    Pregunta

    Where is the argument's logical gap?

    Respuesta

    Between the evidence and the conclusion. State what must connect them without merely repeating either side.

  192. Tarjeta 192

    Pregunta

    How do you find the number in neither of two sets?

    Respuesta

    Subtract the number in the union from the total population.

  193. Tarjeta 193

    Pregunta

    How should rates from table groups be combined?

    Respuesta

    Divide the total numerator by the total denominator. Weight a group rate by its group size only when that size is the rate's denominator.

  194. Tarjeta 194

    Pregunta

    What is wrong with moving from some cases to all cases?

    Respuesta

    The conclusion is broader than the evidence. Evidence that some members have a trait doesn't show that every member does.

  195. Tarjeta 195

    Pregunta

    When should you use a permutation?

    Respuesta

    When selecting and arranging items and order matters. The number of ordered selections of r from n distinct items is n!/(n − r)!.

  196. Tarjeta 196

    Pregunta

    Why does table granularity matter?

    Respuesta

    A row-level fact may disappear or change after aggregation. Match the claim to the table’s level of detail.

  197. Tarjeta 197

    Pregunta

    How do you find the probability that an event does not occur?

    Respuesta

    1 − P(event). This is often the quickest route for “at least one” questions.

  198. Tarjeta 198

    Pregunta

    Why does a comparable control group help test causation?

    Respuesta

    It shows what happened without the suspected cause. If the groups differ mainly in that factor, the result is harder to explain another way.

  199. Tarjeta 199

    Pregunta

    How should missing table entries be treated?

    Respuesta

    As unknown unless the notes define another meaning. Exclude or include them only as the question directs.

  200. Tarjeta 200

    Pregunta

    What is the mode of a data set?

    Respuesta

    A mode is any value with the greatest frequency. Under the no-mode convention, there is no mode only when at least two distinct values all have equal frequency.

  201. Tarjeta 201

    Pregunta

    What makes a table comparison valid?

    Respuesta

    The values must have compatible measures, units, periods, populations, and definitions. Normalize only validly convertible differences; reject differences in population, period, or definition that cannot be reconciled.

  202. Tarjeta 202

    Pregunta

    What should you check when a prediction extends a past pattern?

    Respuesta

    Whether the conditions behind the past pattern will continue. A trend alone doesn't show that its causes will remain in place.

  203. Tarjeta 203

    Pregunta

    How should a drain or other undoing process enter a work-rate equation?

    Respuesta

    As a negative rate. Add productive rates and subtract rates that reverse the work.

  204. Tarjeta 204

    Pregunta

    How can you avoid losing your place while scanning a table?

    Respuesta

    Evaluate one condition at a time and mark qualifying rows mentally or on the scratchpad. Count only after the final filter.

  205. Tarjeta 205

    Pregunta

    Can evidence that an outcome is possible show it is likely?

    Respuesta

    No. Possibility only shows that an outcome can occur; probability requires evidence about how likely it is.

  206. Tarjeta 206

    Pregunta

    What correction is needed when counting the union of three sets?

    Respuesta

    Add the three individual counts, subtract all three pairwise overlaps, then add the triple overlap back once.

  207. Tarjeta 207

    Pregunta

    When does a filtered table support a decision?

    Respuesta

    When the qualifying rows satisfy the stated rule. Keep filtering, calculation, and decision as separate steps.

  208. Tarjeta 208

    Pregunta

    When should you use a combination?

    Respuesta

    When selecting items and order does not matter. The number of selections of r from n distinct items is n!/[r!(n − r)!].

  209. Tarjeta 209

    Pregunta

    What must support a recommendation?

    Respuesta

    A link from the proposed action to the stated goal. The argument also needs the action to be feasible and free of costs that defeat the goal.

  210. Tarjeta 210

    Pregunta

    How do AND and OR change a table filter?

    Respuesta

    AND requires every condition; OR requires at least one. Parenthesize mixed rules before scanning rows.

  211. Tarjeta 211

    Pregunta

    How do you find the probability that independent events both occur?

    Respuesta

    Multiply their probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).

  212. Tarjeta 212

    Pregunta

    What can make an alphabetical sort misleading?

    Respuesta

    Labels may contain categories or embedded numbers. Confirm whether the column is text, numeric, or chronological.

  213. Tarjeta 213

    Pregunta

    What kind of fact most directly strengthens an argument?

    Respuesta

    A fact that supports the missing link between evidence and conclusion. Merely repeating a premise adds little.

  214. Tarjeta 214

    Pregunta

    What is the range of a data set?

    Respuesta

    Maximum value minus minimum value.

  215. Tarjeta 215

    Pregunta

    What should you check at a filter cutoff?

    Respuesta

    Whether the boundary is inclusive. “At least 40” includes 40; “more than 40” does not.

  216. Tarjeta 216

    Pregunta

    A train covers 150 miles in 3 hours at a constant rate. What is its rate?

    Respuesta

    50 miles per hour. Rearrange distance = rate × time to get rate = 150 ÷ 3.

  217. Tarjeta 217

    Pregunta

    What is the most direct way to weaken an argument?

    Respuesta

    Undermine a necessary assumption connecting the evidence to the conclusion. The premises can remain true while the conclusion loses support.

  218. Tarjeta 218

    Pregunta

    What does a tie in the sorted column imply?

    Respuesta

    The tied rows share rank on that measure. Their display order does not create a performance difference.

  219. Tarjeta 219

    Pregunta

    How do you identify a useful evaluation question?

    Respuesta

    Test whether opposite answers would push the argument in opposite directions. If both answers leave the conclusion unchanged, the question isn't useful.

  220. Tarjeta 220

    Pregunta

    What should you identify first in Graphics Interpretation?

    Respuesta

    The chart type and what each visual encoding represents. Bars, lines, areas, and points support different readings.

  221. Tarjeta 221

    Pregunta

    How do repeated identical items affect arrangement counts?

    Respuesta

    For n total items, divide n! by the factorial of each repeated count. Identical items do not create new arrangements when swapped.

  222. Tarjeta 222

    Pregunta

    What should you read before estimating a plotted value?

    Respuesta

    Both axis labels, units, and category order. Position has meaning only after the axes are understood.

  223. Tarjeta 223

    Pregunta

    How do you test whether a statement is a necessary assumption?

    Respuesta

    Negate it. If that negation seriously damages the argument, the original statement was necessary.

  224. Tarjeta 224

    Pregunta

    How do you find the probability that one of two mutually exclusive events occurs?

    Respuesta

    Add their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Their overlap is zero.

  225. Tarjeta 225

    Pregunta

    What should you verify in a chart legend?

    Respuesta

    Which color, shape, or line maps to each series. Similar styling can otherwise swap the groups in your interpretation.

  226. Tarjeta 226

    Pregunta

    What does standard deviation measure?

    Respuesta

    How spread out values are around the mean. Greater dispersion means a larger standard deviation.

  227. Tarjeta 227

    Pregunta

    What standard should an inference meet?

    Respuesta

    It must follow from the given statements, without extra assumptions. Choose the modest claim the evidence guarantees.

  228. Tarjeta 228

    Pregunta

    What does a segment’s share depend on?

    Respuesta

    The correct whole. A category’s share of one region may differ from its share of the full dataset.

  229. Tarjeta 229

    Pregunta

    For motion along the same line, when do you add or subtract two speeds to get relative speed?

    Respuesta

    Add the speeds for opposite directions; subtract the smaller speed from the larger for the same direction.

  230. Tarjeta 230

    Pregunta

    What must a paradox explanation accomplish?

    Respuesta

    Make both surprising facts plausible at the same time. Rejecting either stated fact doesn't resolve the tension.

  231. Tarjeta 231

    Pregunta

    How is a segment in a stacked bar measured?

    Respuesta

    Subtract its lower boundary from its upper boundary. The upper endpoint alone is cumulative, not the segment value.

  232. Tarjeta 232

    Pregunta

    Eight students average 70 and twelve students average 80. What is the combined mean?

    Respuesta

    1. The group sizes are the weights: (8 × 70 + 12 × 80) ÷ 20 = 76.
  233. Tarjeta 233

    Pregunta

    What is the difference between a graph’s level and its rate of change?

    Respuesta

    Level is the plotted value; rate of change is the slope. A high line can still be falling.

  234. Tarjeta 234

    Pregunta

    How should you describe a statement's role in an argument?

    Respuesta

    Describe what it does, not just what it says. It may support the conclusion, present an objection, answer that objection, or illustrate a principle.

  235. Tarjeta 235

    Pregunta

    What is P(A given B)?

    Respuesta

    P(A and B) / P(B), provided P(B) > 0. Restrict the sample space to outcomes in B.

  236. Tarjeta 236

    Pregunta

    How should slope be compared across a graph?

    Respuesta

    Use change in vertical value divided by change in horizontal value. Visual steepness is reliable only on the same scales.

  237. Tarjeta 237

    Pregunta

    A driver covers equal distances at 30 mph and 60 mph. Is the average speed 45 mph?

    Respuesta

    No. Using 60 miles for each leg gives 120 miles in 3 hours, so the average speed is 40 mph.

  238. Tarjeta 238

    Pregunta

    What should you identify first when evaluating a plan?

    Respuesta

    The plan's exact goal and success measure. A proposal can produce benefits yet still fail its stated objective.

  239. Tarjeta 239

    Pregunta

    What does a trend in a scatterplot establish?

    Respuesta

    An association in the displayed data. It does not by itself establish causation or predict every individual point.

  240. Tarjeta 240

    Pregunta

    How can you strengthen a causal explanation?

    Respuesta

    Rule out a credible alternative cause, support the proposed mechanism, or show the effect changes when the proposed cause changes.

  241. Tarjeta 241

    Pregunta

    How can an outlier affect a graphical trend?

    Respuesta

    It can pull a summary line or average away from the main cluster. Check whether the claim concerns all points or the typical pattern.

  242. Tarjeta 242

    Pregunta

    Why do probabilities usually change when sampling without replacement?

    Respuesta

    The sample space changes after each draw. Update both the favorable count and the total before multiplying conditional probabilities.

  243. Tarjeta 243

    Pregunta

    One value in an n-value set increases by d. How does the mean change?

    Respuesta

    It increases by d/n because the total rises by d while the count stays fixed.

  244. Tarjeta 244

    Pregunta

    When does a counterexample weaken a claim?

    Respuesta

    When the claim requires the counterexample not to exist. One genuine exception can defeat an absolute claim, but may barely affect a modest one.

  245. Tarjeta 245

    Pregunta

    What is the parity of the sum of two odd integers?

    Respuesta

    Even. Each odd integer is one more than an even integer, so the two extra ones add to 2.

  246. Tarjeta 246

    Pregunta

    What can an aggregate graph hide?

    Respuesta

    Differences among subgroups or periods. A stable total can coexist with large offsetting changes inside it.

  247. Tarjeta 247

    Pregunta

    When is interpolation reasonable on a graph?

    Respuesta

    When the graph implies continuity between nearby points. Do not interpolate across separate categories.

  248. Tarjeta 248

    Pregunta

    What makes information relevant to evaluating an argument?

    Respuesta

    It bears on the uncertain link the conclusion depends on. Interesting facts about the topic may still be logically irrelevant.

  249. Tarjeta 249

    Pregunta

    How precise should a value read from a graph be?

    Respuesta

    Only as precise as the scale supports. Use a defensible interval when the mark falls between ticks.

  250. Tarjeta 250

    Pregunta

    Must a necessary assumption prove the conclusion?

    Respuesta

    No. It only has to be required for the argument to work; it need not be enough to establish the conclusion on its own.

  251. Tarjeta 251

    Pregunta

    How do you multiply positive numbers written in scientific notation?

    Respuesta

    Multiply the coefficients, add the powers of 10, then adjust the coefficient to be at least 1 and less than 10.

  252. Tarjeta 252

    Pregunta

    How should a graph-based decision be made?

    Respuesta

    Translate the visual into values or bounds, then apply the stated rule. Do not decide from appearance alone.

  253. Tarjeta 253

    Pregunta

    When is backsolving from answer choices especially useful?

    Respuesta

    When the choices are concrete values and direct algebra is slower than testing them in the original conditions.

  254. Tarjeta 254

    Pregunta

    How can axis scale distort a visual impression?

    Respuesta

    Unequal intervals or a truncated baseline can magnify or compress differences. Use tick values, not apparent distance alone.

  255. Tarjeta 255

    Pregunta

    When should you combine two statements for an inference?

    Respuesta

    When they share a term or relationship that creates a guaranteed consequence. Don't combine them through an unstated causal or statistical link.

  256. Tarjeta 256

    Pregunta

    When is a product of integers odd?

    Respuesta

    Only when every factor is odd. One even factor makes the entire product even.

  257. Tarjeta 257

    Pregunta

    What often resolves two apparently conflicting results?

    Respuesta

    A hidden difference in group, time, measurement, or conditions. The results may describe different slices of the situation.

  258. Tarjeta 258

    Pregunta

    How should equal distances on a logarithmic axis be interpreted?

    Respuesta

    As equal multiplicative changes, not equal absolute changes. Read the labeled values before comparing gaps.

  259. Tarjeta 259

    Pregunta

    Why start with a middle answer choice when backsolving ordered options?

    Respuesta

    Its result often eliminates half the choices at once when the relationship is monotonic.

  260. Tarjeta 260

    Pregunta

    What makes a Two-Part Analysis response complete?

    Respuesta

    Both selections must satisfy their own column prompts under the same stem. Treat the pair as one submitted response.

  261. Tarjeta 261

    Pregunta

    What is an analogy doing when it supports a claim?

    Respuesta

    It argues that because two cases share relevant features, a result or principle from one likely applies to the other.

  262. Tarjeta 262

    Pregunta

    How do you represent three consecutive odd integers?

    Respuesta

    n, n + 2, and n + 4, where n is an odd integer.

  263. Tarjeta 263

    Pregunta

    What should you identify before solving Two-Part Analysis?

    Respuesta

    The role of each column. One may ask for a condition while the other asks for a consequence or decision.

  264. Tarjeta 264

    Pregunta

    What values should you test first in a claim about an unspecified number?

    Respuesta

    Test allowed categories that may behave differently: positive, negative, zero, fractional, and boundary values.

  265. Tarjeta 265

    Pregunta

    How can an unchanged bottleneck defeat a plan?

    Respuesta

    Improving a nonlimiting step won't improve the final outcome if another constraint still controls it. Faster ordering doesn't help when production is already full.

  266. Tarjeta 266

    Pregunta

    How does the shared stem affect the two parts?

    Respuesta

    Its definitions and constraints apply to both. Keep them fixed while testing each column’s requirement.

  267. Tarjeta 267

    Pregunta

    How do you count the positive divisors of an integer greater than 1 from its prime factorization?

    Respuesta

    Add 1 to each prime exponent, then multiply those results.

  268. Tarjeta 268

    Pregunta

    In Two-Part Analysis, must the two selected entries be the same?

    Respuesta

    In the current format, the two selected entries may be the same or different. A linkage in the stem determines whether you must reason through them jointly, not whether their values match.

  269. Tarjeta 269

    Pregunta

    What makes evidence for a general claim strong?

    Respuesta

    It should be relevant and reliable and, if case-based, come from representative cases. More evidence isn't automatically better evidence.

  270. Tarjeta 270

    Pregunta

    How do you factor a difference of squares?

    Respuesta

    Use x² − y² = (x − y)(x + y).

  271. Tarjeta 271

    Pregunta

    When should the two Two-Part Analysis selections be solved together?

    Respuesta

    When one shared relationship constrains both. Test candidate pairs against that relationship instead of solving isolated fragments.

  272. Tarjeta 272

    Pregunta

    How can one counterexample evaluate a universal claim?

    Respuesta

    One valid counterexample disproves a claim that is supposed to hold for every allowed value.

  273. Tarjeta 273

    Pregunta

    How does an alternative explanation weaken a conclusion?

    Respuesta

    It shows that the evidence can be true without the proposed explanation being true. The alternative must account for the same result.

  274. Tarjeta 274

    Pregunta

    In Two-Part Analysis, how can one column help solve the other?

    Respuesta

    A valid selection can narrow the remaining candidates when the parts share a constraint. Recheck the final pair in both columns.

  275. Tarjeta 275

    Pregunta

    How do you test whether x² + bx + c factors into integer binomials?

    Respuesta

    Look for integers r and s with r + s = b and rs = c. If they exist, the factorization is (x + r)(x + s).

  276. Tarjeta 276

    Pregunta

    Which unknown should you evaluate first in a plan argument?

    Respuesta

    A condition that could make the plan achieve or miss its goal. Focus on feasibility, response, costs, and side effects tied to that goal.

  277. Tarjeta 277

    Pregunta

    How should a trade-off between two measures be evaluated?

    Respuesta

    Apply the stated priorities or limits. An option is better only relative to the rule, not because one measure is largest.

  278. Tarjeta 278

    Pregunta

    How can estimation screen answer choices before exact calculation?

    Respuesta

    Approximate the expression's magnitude, then eliminate choices that are far too large or too small.

  279. Tarjeta 279

    Pregunta

    In a constrained-decision Two-Part Analysis problem, what should you check before comparing candidates?

    Respuesta

    Check every hard constraint first. Discard any option that breaks a required limit, then compare only the feasible candidates.

  280. Tarjeta 280

    Pregunta

    What does a defensive assumption do?

    Respuesta

    It rules out a threat that would break the argument. For example, a revenue plan may assume that its added costs won't exceed the new revenue.

  281. Tarjeta 281

    Pregunta

    What restriction applies when a variable appears in a denominator?

    Respuesta

    Exclude every value that makes the denominator zero.

  282. Tarjeta 282

    Pregunta

    How does an objective differ from a constraint?

    Respuesta

    A constraint determines what is allowed; an objective ranks the allowed options. Apply them in that order.

  283. Tarjeta 283

    Pregunta

    Which quick checks catch many Quant answer errors?

    Respuesta

    Check the sign, units, allowed range, and rough size against the question's conditions.

  284. Tarjeta 284

    Pregunta

    What inference is safe from a statement about most members?

    Respuesta

    More than half have the stated trait. You can't infer that all do, that any particular member does, or that most have another trait.

  285. Tarjeta 285

    Pregunta

    How should a two-part threshold rule be handled?

    Respuesta

    Translate each threshold with the correct inequality, including its boundary. Then test both selected values against it.

  286. Tarjeta 286

    Pregunta

    Where can one negative sign appear in a fraction without changing its value?

    Respuesta

    Before the fraction, in the numerator, or in the denominator: −(a/b) = (−a)/b = a/(−b), provided b ≠ 0.

  287. Tarjeta 287

    Pregunta

    How does an argument choose between competing explanations?

    Respuesta

    It presents evidence that one explanation handles better than the others, often by ruling out a rival prediction.

  288. Tarjeta 288

    Pregunta

    What is an efficient way to handle two linked algebraic targets?

    Respuesta

    Express both in terms of one variable or invariant. Evaluate candidate values only after the relationship is clear.

  289. Tarjeta 289

    Pregunta

    How do you solve x² = c over the real numbers?

    Respuesta

    If c > 0, x = ±√c; if c = 0, x = 0; if c < 0, there is no real solution.

  290. Tarjeta 290

    Pregunta

    What should you check when two selected quantities form a ratio?

    Respuesta

    Order and scale. The ratio A:B is not interchangeable with B:A, and proportional pairs may all fit.

  291. Tarjeta 291

    Pregunta

    How does a positive proper fraction compare with 1?

    Respuesta

    It is less than 1 because its numerator is smaller than its denominator.

  292. Tarjeta 292

    Pregunta

    Which side effects matter when evaluating a plan?

    Respuesta

    Effects that change the plan's net result or work against its goal. A small unrelated inconvenience usually doesn't matter.

  293. Tarjeta 293

    Pregunta

    How should a two-part logical claim be tested?

    Respuesta

    Separate the condition from the conclusion, then test whether each selected statement performs the requested role.

  294. Tarjeta 294

    Pregunta

    What is the solution pattern for |x| = a over the real numbers?

    Respuesta

    If a > 0, x = ±a; if a = 0, x = 0; if a < 0, there is no real solution.

  295. Tarjeta 295

    Pregunta

    What unit check belongs in a two-part quantitative answer?

    Respuesta

    Confirm that each selection has the unit requested by its column. Linked values may require different conversions.

  296. Tarjeta 296

    Pregunta

    Why does user response matter to a plan?

    Respuesta

    The plan may depend on people adopting, following, or not avoiding it. Availability alone doesn't guarantee the needed behavior.

  297. Tarjeta 297

    Pregunta

    A response rate rises from 40% to 50%. What are the percentage-point change and the relative percent increase?

    Respuesta

    The increase is 10 percentage points and 25% relative to the original rate: (50 − 40) ÷ 40 = 0.25.

  298. Tarjeta 298

    Pregunta

    What is the final check for Two-Part Analysis?

    Respuesta

    Read each column prompt with its chosen entry, then verify that the pair is jointly consistent with the stem.

  299. Tarjeta 299

    Pregunta

    For real x and y, what two linear cases are equivalent to x² = y²?

    Respuesta

    x = y or x = −y.

  300. Tarjeta 300

    Pregunta

    How should benefits and costs be compared in a plan argument?

    Respuesta

    By their net effect on the stated goal. A plan can create the intended benefit but still fail if its relevant costs are larger.

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GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

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