Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?

Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.

What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?

Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.

How do you form a passage's main idea?

Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.

What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?

It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.

What makes information sufficient for a value question?

It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.

How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?

Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.

How do you find p percent of a quantity q?

Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.

How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?

Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.

How do you determine a paragraph's role?

Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.

A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?

18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.

Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?

It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.

When is a product of signed factors negative?

Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.

How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?

Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.

What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?

It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.

What should you do first on a detail question?

Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.

What is the divisibility rule for 2?

The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

How do you test whether a fact is relevant?

Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.

How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?

Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.

Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?

It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.

What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?

First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.

How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?

Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.

Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?

Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.

How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?

Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.

How do you multiply powers with the same base?

Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.

How is a weighted average computed?

Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.

What should a quick passage map record?

Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.

What does the principal square root symbol √x return?

For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.

When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?

When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.

How do you keep viewpoints separate?

Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.

How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?

They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.

How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?

Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.

What evidence should determine the author's tone?

Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.

When should rounding usually occur?

At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.

How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?

Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.

When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?

As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.

How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?

It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.

What is the percent-change formula?

For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.

What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?

It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.

What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?

Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.

How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?

Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.

Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?

Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.

How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?

Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.

Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?

The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.

When is the on-screen calculator most useful?

For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.

In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?

Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.

What is the divisibility rule for 3?

The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.

What does a transition paragraph often do?

It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.

When is a proxy measure useful?

When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.

How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?

Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.

What is the arithmetic mean?

The sum of the values divided by the number of values.

What units should a rate have?

One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

300 original flashcards for current-format GMAT Quant, Verbal, and Data Insights concepts, cues, and reusable decisions.

من إعداد Open Study Contributor

حول هذه الرزمة

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

Build quick recall for the current GMAT with 300 original cards across Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The deck focuses on reusable concepts and decisions; full-length practice belongs in official or properly licensed question banks.

What the cards map

Quant maps numeric forms, terms, rules, and formulas to their meaning, conditions, or use. Short scenarios ask for the operation, equation, or answer check that fits.
Verbal maps passage and argument cues to purpose, scope, evidence, inference, reasoning flaws, and evaluation moves.
Data Insights maps targets, constraints, source and display cues, metrics, and evidence states to the interpretation or decision they support. It covers Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, and Two-Part Analysis.

Learning order

The mixed sequence keeps all three sections in rotation. Quant foundations come before algebra, models, and strategy checks; passage reading comes before argument evaluation; shared data literacy comes before the five Data Insights formats. Closely related prompts are spaced apart so one card does not cue the next.

Current-format boundary

This deck has no geometry lessons or formula drills, Sentence Correction, or the retired Integrated Reasoning section. It also excludes timing, scoring, test-center policy, full passages, large data sets, and response-pattern tricks.

Every card is an original compact concept or decision prompt. No official or competitor questions, answer choices, explanations, mark schemes, curriculum text, logos, or trade dress were copied or adapted. See the official GMAT exam content and Data Insights preparation guidance for the current exam boundary.

This is an independent, unofficial study resource. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAT is used only to identify the exam.

بطاقات هذه الرزمة

البطاقة ١
السؤال
Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?
الإجابة
Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.
البطاقة ٢
السؤال
What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?
الإجابة
Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.
البطاقة ٣
السؤال
How do you form a passage's main idea?
الإجابة
Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.
البطاقة ٤
السؤال
What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?
الإجابة
It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.
البطاقة ٥
السؤال
What makes information sufficient for a value question?
الإجابة
It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.
البطاقة ٦
السؤال
How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?
الإجابة
Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.
البطاقة ٧
السؤال
How do you find p percent of a quantity q?
الإجابة
Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.
البطاقة ٨
السؤال
How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?
الإجابة
Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.
البطاقة ٩
السؤال
How do you determine a paragraph's role?
الإجابة
Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.
البطاقة ١٠
السؤال
A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?
الإجابة
18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.
البطاقة ١١
السؤال
Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?
الإجابة
It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.
البطاقة ١٢
السؤال
When is a product of signed factors negative?
الإجابة
Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.
البطاقة ١٣
السؤال
How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?
الإجابة
Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.
البطاقة ١٤
السؤال
What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?
الإجابة
It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.
البطاقة ١٥
السؤال
What should you do first on a detail question?
الإجابة
Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.
البطاقة ١٦
السؤال
What is the divisibility rule for 2?
الإجابة
The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
البطاقة ١٧
السؤال
How do you test whether a fact is relevant?
الإجابة
Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.
البطاقة ١٨
السؤال
How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?
الإجابة
Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.
البطاقة ١٩
السؤال
Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?
الإجابة
It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.
البطاقة ٢٠
السؤال
What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?
الإجابة
First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.
البطاقة ٢١
السؤال
How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?
الإجابة
Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.
البطاقة ٢٢
السؤال
Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?
الإجابة
Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.
البطاقة ٢٣
السؤال
How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?
الإجابة
Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.
البطاقة ٢٤
السؤال
How do you multiply powers with the same base?
الإجابة
Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.
البطاقة ٢٥
السؤال
How is a weighted average computed?
الإجابة
Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.
البطاقة ٢٦
السؤال
What should a quick passage map record?
الإجابة
Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.
البطاقة ٢٧
السؤال
What does the principal square root symbol √x return?
الإجابة
For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.
البطاقة ٢٨
السؤال
When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?
الإجابة
When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.
البطاقة ٢٩
السؤال
How do you keep viewpoints separate?
الإجابة
Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.
البطاقة ٣٠
السؤال
How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?
الإجابة
They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.
البطاقة ٣١
السؤال
How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?
الإجابة
Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.
البطاقة ٣٢
السؤال
What evidence should determine the author's tone?
الإجابة
Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.
البطاقة ٣٣
السؤال
When should rounding usually occur?
الإجابة
At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.
البطاقة ٣٤
السؤال
How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?
الإجابة
Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.
البطاقة ٣٥
السؤال
When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?
الإجابة
As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.
البطاقة ٣٦
السؤال
How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?
الإجابة
It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.
البطاقة ٣٧
السؤال
What is the percent-change formula?
الإجابة
For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.
البطاقة ٣٨
السؤال
What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?
الإجابة
It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.
البطاقة ٣٩
السؤال
What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?
الإجابة
Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.
البطاقة ٤٠
السؤال
How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?
الإجابة
Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.
البطاقة ٤١
السؤال
Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?
الإجابة
Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.
البطاقة ٤٢
السؤال
How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?
الإجابة
Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.
البطاقة ٤٣
السؤال
Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?
الإجابة
The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.
البطاقة ٤٤
السؤال
When is the on-screen calculator most useful?
الإجابة
For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.
البطاقة ٤٥
السؤال
In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?
الإجابة
Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.
البطاقة ٤٦
السؤال
What is the divisibility rule for 3?
الإجابة
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.
البطاقة ٤٧
السؤال
What does a transition paragraph often do?
الإجابة
It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.
البطاقة ٤٨
السؤال
When is a proxy measure useful?
الإجابة
When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.
البطاقة ٤٩
السؤال
How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?
الإجابة
Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.
البطاقة ٥٠
السؤال
What is the arithmetic mean?
الإجابة
The sum of the values divided by the number of values.
البطاقة ٥١
السؤال
What units should a rate have?
الإجابة
One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.
البطاقة ٥٢
السؤال
How do you divide powers with the same nonzero base?
الإجابة
Subtract the exponents: aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ.
البطاقة ٥٣
السؤال
What makes a paraphrase faithful to a passage detail?
الإجابة
It preserves the original meaning, scope, and certainty in different words. Shared keywords alone don't make it accurate.
البطاقة ٥٤
السؤال
How do you recover a total from an average?
الإجابة
Total = average × number of values.
البطاقة ٥٥
السؤال
How do you choose between two plausible reading inferences?
الإجابة
Choose the one with the tighter textual chain and fewer assumptions. Plausibility in the real world is secondary.
البطاقة ٥٦
السؤال
What quick check can catch a calculator-entry error?
الإجابة
Estimate the order of magnitude and direction first. An exact result far outside that range deserves another look.
البطاقة ٥٧
السؤال
How do you simplify a square root with a perfect-square factor?
الإجابة
Factor out the perfect square. For example, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.
البطاقة ٥٨
السؤال
What makes a new example parallel to one in the passage?
الإجابة
The same logical relationship. Match cause, contrast, exception, or function rather than shared subject matter.
البطاقة ٥٩
السؤال
When can work rates be added?
الإجابة
Add the stated constant rates when the workers operate simultaneously without interfering with one another. At 1/4 and 1/6 job per hour, together they complete 5/12 job per hour.
البطاقة ٦٠
السؤال
What is the denominator in a percent comparison?
الإجابة
The stated reference value. “A as a percent of B” means A divided by B, then multiplied by 100.
البطاقة ٦١
السؤال
How do you translate “5 less than x”?
الإجابة
x − 5. The phrase “less than” reverses the spoken order.
البطاقة ٦٢
السؤال
In Data Sufficiency, what should you check before testing values?
الإجابة
The full domain. Honor stated restrictions and implicit ones such as positive lengths or nonzero divisors before judging sufficiency.
البطاقة ٦٣
السؤال
How do you add fractions with different denominators?
الإجابة
Rewrite them with a common denominator, then add the numerators. For example, 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.
البطاقة ٦٤
السؤال
How do you distinguish description from argument in a passage?
الإجابة
Description presents what happened or what a view says; argument gives reasons to accept, reject, or revise a claim.
البطاقة ٦٥
السؤال
How should you compare decimals with different lengths?
الإجابة
Append trailing zeros and compare place by place. For example, compare 0.47 with 0.4700, which are equal.
البطاقة ٦٦
السؤال
How should combined statements be evaluated?
الإجابة
Intersect their constraints with the stem. The combination is sufficient only if every remaining case gives one answer.
البطاقة ٦٧
السؤال
How do you find common ground between two viewpoints?
الإجابة
Look for the narrow claim both accept, even if they disagree about its cause, importance, or implications.
البطاقة ٦٨
السؤال
How do you solve a proportion such as a/b = c/d?
الإجابة
Cross-multiply to get ad = bc, provided b and d are nonzero.
البطاقة ٦٩
السؤال
How is average speed computed?
الإجابة
Total distance divided by total time. It is not usually the simple mean of the segment speeds.
البطاقة ٧٠
السؤال
What does |x| represent?
الإجابة
The nonnegative distance from x to 0 on the number line.
البطاقة ٧١
السؤال
Why are strongly emotional tone descriptions often wrong?
الإجابة
They overstate measured academic prose. Match the answer's intensity to the author's actual language.
البطاقة ٧٢
السؤال
What is the divisibility rule for 4?
الإجابة
The number formed by the last two digits must be divisible by 4.
البطاقة ٧٣
السؤال
Can the ordinary percent-change formula be applied directly when the original value is zero or negative?
الإجابة
No. The ordinary GMAT rule assumes original > 0. Change from zero is undefined, and a negative baseline requires context-specific interpretation.
البطاقة ٧٤
السؤال
Why can a true statement still be a wrong answer?
الإجابة
It may not answer the question asked. Check the task—main idea, detail, inference, role, or purpose—before checking truth.
البطاقة ٧٥
السؤال
When must a weighted average lie between its component values?
الإجابة
When every weight is nonnegative and the total weight is positive. The average then lies between the smallest and largest component values.
البطاقة ٧٦
السؤال
How do you express an integer n divided by d with remainder r?
الإجابة
n = dq + r, where q is an integer and 0 ≤ r < d for positive d.
البطاقة ٧٧
السؤال
What does an inequality usually provide?
الإجابة
A range, not a unique value. It can still be sufficient if the question asks whether a threshold is crossed.
البطاقة ٧٨
السؤال
How should you handle an EXCEPT detail prompt?
الإجابة
Verify four statements against the passage and select the one that isn't supported. Keep the reversed task visible while checking each choice.
البطاقة ٧٩
السؤال
How should you set up a unit conversion?
الإجابة
Multiply by a conversion factor equal to 1, placing units so the unwanted unit cancels.
البطاقة ٨٠
السؤال
Can two individually insufficient statements remain insufficient together?
الإجابة
Yes. They may repeat the same limitation or still leave multiple valid answers.
البطاقة ٨١
السؤال
For a positive base, how do you simplify a power raised to another power?
الإجابة
Multiply the exponents: (aᵐ)ⁿ = a^(mn).
البطاقة ٨٢
السؤال
When can you infer that an author accepts a claim?
الإجابة
When the author endorses it directly or relies on it without distancing language. Merely reporting another person's view isn't endorsement.
البطاقة ٨٣
السؤال
How should successive percentage changes be combined?
الإجابة
Multiply their factors. A 10% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99, a 1% net fall.
البطاقة ٨٤
السؤال
What are compatible numbers in estimation?
الإجابة
Nearby numbers chosen to make mental arithmetic easy, such as 203 ÷ 9.9 ≈ 200 ÷ 10 = 20.
البطاقة ٨٥
السؤال
Which constraints are easy to overlook in a word problem?
الإجابة
Countability, positivity, distinctness, and capacity limits. Translate each noun and rule into a usable constraint.
البطاقة ٨٦
السؤال
How do you state the exact disagreement between two viewpoints?
الإجابة
Identify one claim that one side accepts and the other rejects. Don't substitute a topic that only one side discusses.
البطاقة ٨٧
السؤال
How do you represent three consecutive integers?
الإجابة
n, n + 1, and n + 2 for an integer n.
البطاقة ٨٨
السؤال
How do percentage points differ from percent change?
الإجابة
Percentage points are the direct difference between percentages. Moving from 20% to 25% is 5 points and a 25% relative increase.
البطاقة ٨٩
السؤال
What is a reversed-relationship trap?
الإجابة
It swaps cause and effect, support and conclusion, or the positions of two viewpoints while reusing familiar passage language.
البطاقة ٩٠
السؤال
How do you multiply two fractions?
الإجابة
Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator, canceling common factors when convenient.
البطاقة ٩١
السؤال
How do direct and inverse proportion differ?
الإجابة
Direct: y = kx; inverse: y = k/x for x ≠ 0.
البطاقة ٩٢
السؤال
How do you recover an original value after a percentage increase?
الإجابة
Divide the new value by the growth factor. After a 20% increase, original = new ÷ 1.20.
البطاقة ٩٣
السؤال
When should absolute wording raise suspicion?
الإجابة
When the passage is qualified. Words such as always, never, entirely, and impossible require equally strong textual support.
البطاقة ٩٤
السؤال
What should you identify first in Data Sufficiency?
الإجابة
The exact target and answer type. Decide whether the stem asks for a value, a comparison, or a yes-or-no result.
البطاقة ٩٥
السؤال
What ending makes an integer divisible by 5 or by 10?
الإجابة
A last digit of 0 or 5 gives divisibility by 5; a last digit of 0 gives divisibility by 10.
البطاقة ٩٦
السؤال
How should a Data Sufficiency condition be handled?
الإجابة
Translate it into a precise constraint before testing sufficiency. Keep it separate from the conclusion you want.
البطاقة ٩٧
السؤال
How do you reject a half-right answer?
الإجابة
Test every part of it. One accurate clause can't rescue a second clause that distorts the passage or exceeds its scope.
البطاقة ٩٨
السؤال
When you convert a positive measurement to a smaller linear unit, what happens to its numerical value?
الإجابة
It increases. Multiply by the number of smaller units in one larger unit.
البطاقة ٩٩
السؤال
DS example: Is x > 5? Statement: x > 3. Is the statement sufficient?
الإجابة
No. Both x = 4 and x = 6 satisfy the statement, but they answer the stem differently.
البطاقة ١٠٠
السؤال
What is a⁰ when a is nonzero?
الإجابة
The nonzero-base condition matters because 0⁰ is not assigned this rule.
البطاقة ١٠١
السؤال
Which claim is the argument trying to establish?
الإجابة
The main conclusion. Find the claim supported by the other statements, then check that it answers the argument's central issue.
البطاقة ١٠٢
السؤال
When should the two statements be combined?
الإجابة
When neither statement is sufficient alone. Use both constraints at once and test the remaining possibilities.
البطاقة ١٠٣
السؤال
A positive number rounds to 8.2 to the nearest tenth. What interval contains it?
الإجابة
8.15 ≤ x < 8.25. The lower endpoint rounds up to 8.2; the upper endpoint rounds to 8.3.
البطاقة ١٠٤
السؤال
What should you check when the conclusion changes populations?
الإجابة
Whether the evidence applies to the new population. Results from volunteers, specialists, or one age group may not transfer to everyone.
البطاقة ١٠٥
السؤال
How should test values be chosen in Data Sufficiency?
الإجابة
Choose valid values that probe boundaries, signs, and distinct outcomes. Random easy values can miss the deciding case.
البطاقة ١٠٦
السؤال
How do you translate “A is 30% more than B”?
الإجابة
A = 1.30B. The percentage is based on B.
البطاقة ١٠٧
السؤال
When can one equation involving two variables be sufficient for a target?
الإجابة
When every valid solution gives the same target value, even if neither variable is unique. For example, x + y = 10 is sufficient to determine x + y.
البطاقة ١٠٨
السؤال
What does a correlation establish by itself?
الإجابة
Only that two things vary together. It doesn't establish which one causes the other or whether a third factor causes both.
البطاقة ١٠٩
السؤال
How do you divide by a nonzero fraction?
الإجابة
Multiply by its reciprocal. For example, 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2.
البطاقة ١١٠
السؤال
Why is a ratio often insufficient for an absolute value?
الإجابة
A ratio fixes relative size but usually leaves the scale free. Many proportional pairs can share the same ratio.
البطاقة ١١١
السؤال
What is the divisibility rule for 9?
الإجابة
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 9.
البطاقة ١١٢
السؤال
What matters most when applying a sample result to a population?
الإجابة
Representativeness. The sample must resemble the target population on traits that could affect the result.
البطاقة ١١٣
السؤال
What should you check after solving a squared equation?
الإجابة
Check every allowed root. If positive and negative roots produce different target answers, the information is insufficient.
البطاقة ١١٤
السؤال
What does a negative exponent mean?
الإجابة
It takes the reciprocal: a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ for nonzero a.
البطاقة ١١٥
السؤال
Which baseline makes a comparison informative?
الإجابة
The baseline relevant to the claim. Compare the outcome with what would otherwise have happened, not merely with an unrelated earlier figure.
البطاقة ١١٦
السؤال
What risk appears when an equation factors into multiple branches?
الإجابة
Each branch may create valid cases. Test all branches against the stem before deciding sufficiency.
البطاقة ١١٧
السؤال
How can you compare two positive fractions quickly?
الإجابة
Compare their cross-products. For a/b and c/d with positive denominators, compare ad with bc.
البطاقة ١١٨
السؤال
What may be assumed from a Data Sufficiency diagram?
الإجابة
Only marked or stated facts. Do not infer scale, equality, perpendicularity, or midpoint status from appearance.
البطاقة ١١٩
السؤال
What multiplier represents a p percent increase or decrease?
الإجابة
Use 1 + p/100 for an increase and 1 − p/100 for a decrease.
البطاقة ١٢٠
السؤال
Which statements count as evidence?
الإجابة
The statements offered as reasons to accept another claim. Evidence may be factual or assumed for the argument, even if it isn't proven in real life.
البطاقة ١٢١
السؤال
Can a mean determine an individual observation?
الإجابة
Not by itself. A mean fixes the total, but different sets can have that total unless more constraints apply.
البطاقة ١٢٢
السؤال
What weakens a move from past evidence to a present claim?
الإجابة
A relevant change over time. New technology, prices, rules, or behavior can make the earlier evidence a poor guide.
البطاقة ١٢٣
السؤال
A value becomes 96 after a 20% increase. What was the original value?
الإجابة
Divide the final value by the growth multiplier: 96 ÷ 1.2 = 80.
البطاقة ١٢٤
السؤال
How do extreme valid cases help in Data Sufficiency?
الإجابة
They expose whether the target can change. Test the smallest, largest, or boundary cases allowed by the conditions.
البطاقة ١٢٥
السؤال
How do you test for reverse causation?
الإجابة
Ask whether the alleged effect could instead cause the alleged cause. Productive teams may meet more because they are productive, not the reverse.
البطاقة ١٢٦
السؤال
Must a sufficient statement make every variable unique?
الإجابة
No. It only needs to make the requested target unique, even if other variables remain undetermined.
البطاقة ١٢٧
السؤال
A price rises 20% and then falls 20%. Does it return to its original value?
الإجابة
No. The multipliers give 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, so the final price is 4% below the original.
البطاقة ١٢٨
السؤال
Why can a voluntary survey be biased?
الإجابة
People who choose to respond may differ from those who don't. Strong opinions or extra interest can distort the sample.
البطاقة ١٢٩
السؤال
How do you expand a(b + c)?
الإجابة
ab + ac. The outside factor multiplies every term inside the parentheses.
البطاقة ١٣٠
السؤال
What should the final Data Sufficiency decision describe?
الإجابة
Which information set guarantees an answer. It should not report the target’s numerical value.
البطاقة ١٣١
السؤال
What is the goal when solving a linear equation?
الإجابة
Isolate the variable by applying equivalent operations to both sides.
البطاقة ١٣٢
السؤال
DS example: Is integer n even? Statement: n = 7. Is the statement sufficient?
الإجابة
Yes. It guarantees one answer—no. A statement can be sufficient even when that answer is negative.
البطاقة ١٣٣
السؤال
When must an inequality sign reverse?
الإجابة
When both sides are multiplied or divided by a negative number.
البطاقة ١٣٤
السؤال
What must be checked before comparing two groups?
الإجابة
Whether they differ in other relevant ways. Age, experience, starting level, or incentives may explain the outcome instead.
البطاقة ١٣٥
السؤال
When is substitution preferable to elimination in a two-equation system?
الإجابة
Use substitution when one variable is already isolated or easy to isolate; use elimination when coefficients cancel easily.
البطاقة ١٣٦
السؤال
What should you build before analyzing Multi-Source Reasoning material?
الإجابة
A quick source map. Note what each tab or document contains, who produced it, and the relevant date or scope.
البطاقة ١٣٧
السؤال
How do you separate background from evidence?
الإجابة
Ask whether the statement supports a claim. Background sets context; evidence does logical work in moving the argument toward a conclusion.
البطاقة ١٣٨
السؤال
Which algebraic terms can be combined?
الإجابة
Terms with the same variable part and exponents. For example, 3x² and −5x² combine, but 3x² and 3x do not.
البطاقة ١٣٩
السؤال
When should you read the Multi-Source Reasoning question?
الإجابة
Before a deep read of every source. The question tells you which details deserve attention.
البطاقة ١٤٠
السؤال
What is a reliable first step for an equation containing several fractions?
الإجابة
Multiply every term by the least common denominator, then solve the simpler equation.
البطاقة ١٤١
السؤال
Why does source provenance matter?
الإجابة
It defines what a claim can support. An internal forecast and an audited result do not carry the same evidentiary weight.
البطاقة ١٤٢
السؤال
What should you test when evidence comes from a different setting?
الإجابة
Whether the settings differ in a way that affects the result. A finding from one market, school, or climate may not carry over unchanged.
البطاقة ١٤٣
السؤال
What does an “and” compound inequality require?
الإجابة
The overlap of both solution sets. A value must satisfy both conditions.
البطاقة ١٤٤
السؤال
What should you compare before combining claims from two sources?
الإجابة
Their population, period, units, and definitions. Matching labels can hide different scopes.
البطاقة ١٤٥
السؤال
How can a third factor undermine a causal claim?
الإجابة
It may explain both events, so their correlation no longer establishes a direct causal link by itself. Hot weather can raise both cold-drink sales and pool attendance.
البطاقة ١٤٦
السؤال
What do one, zero, or infinitely many solutions mean for two linear equations in two variables?
الإجابة
The lines intersect once, are parallel and distinct, or are the same line, respectively.
البطاقة ١٤٧
السؤال
How should records from separate sources be linked?
الإجابة
Use a shared key with the same meaning in both sources, such as product code and month. Do not join on a vague label alone.
البطاقة ١٤٨
السؤال
How do you factor 6x + 9?
الإجابة
3(2x + 3). Pull out the greatest common factor.
البطاقة ١٤٩
السؤال
When does nonresponse threaten a survey result?
الإجابة
When nonrespondents may answer differently from respondents. A high response count doesn't fix a systematic missing group.
البطاقة ١٥٠
السؤال
What is the first step when two sources seem inconsistent?
الإجابة
Compare definitions, dates, units, and aggregation levels. Many apparent conflicts come from mismatched frames.
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البطاقة ١٥١
السؤال
When can you use the zero-product property?
الإجابة
After rewriting a product equal to zero. If (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0, then x = 2 or x = −5.
البطاقة ١٥٢
السؤال
How does an inference differ from a stated fact?
الإجابة
A fact appears directly in a source; an inference must follow from the sources without an extra assumption.
البطاقة ١٥٣
السؤال
Does a higher percentage by itself prove a higher count?
الإجابة
No. The underlying totals matter. Twenty percent of 1,000 is more than fifty percent of 100.
البطاقة ١٥٤
السؤال
What does an “or” compound inequality require?
الإجابة
The union of the solution sets. A value may satisfy either condition or both.
البطاقة ١٥٥
السؤال
What does a blank or omitted value establish?
الإجابة
Only that the value is not provided. It does not establish zero, no change, or failure.
البطاقة ١٥٦
السؤال
How do you recognize an intermediate conclusion?
الإجابة
It is supported by one claim and supports another. It acts as both a conclusion and a premise in the same argument.
البطاقة ١٥٧
السؤال
What should you do before writing equations for a two-quantity word problem?
الإجابة
Define each variable with its unit, then translate one independent relationship per equation.
البطاقة ١٥٨
السؤال
Why should cross-source events be placed in time order?
الإجابة
Sequence separates prior conditions from later outcomes and prevents using future information as an earlier cause.
البطاقة ١٥٩
السؤال
When should candidate solutions be checked in the original equation?
الإجابة
Always after a step that may introduce solutions, especially squaring both sides or clearing variable denominators.
البطاقة ١٦٠
السؤال
How can switching from one measured outcome to another create a gap?
الإجابة
Evidence about one metric may not support a conclusion about another. More website visits, for example, don't by themselves mean more sales.
البطاقة ١٦١
السؤال
What makes a source relevant to a claim?
الإجابة
It supplies evidence for a required link in the claim. Related background alone is not enough.
البطاقة ١٦٢
السؤال
How do you solve a factored polynomial inequality reliably?
الإجابة
Find the zeros, split the number line into intervals, and test each interval's sign. Include a zero only when equality is allowed.
البطاقة ١٦٣
السؤال
Does happening first prove causation?
الإجابة
No. The timing may fit a causal story, but coincidence or another cause can still explain the later event.
البطاقة ١٦٤
السؤال
How can you spot an unsupported cross-source conclusion?
الإجابة
Identify the bridge between evidence and conclusion. If the sources never establish that bridge, the conclusion needs an assumption.
البطاقة ١٦٥
السؤال
What do 0 = 0 and 0 = 5 mean after simplifying an equation?
الإجابة
0 = 0 means every allowed value is a solution; 0 = 5 means there is no solution.
البطاقة ١٦٦
السؤال
What should you verify before comparing figures from different sources?
الإجابة
Common units and denominators. Convert first, then compare the same quantity on the same basis.
البطاقة ١٦٧
السؤال
How do you interpret |x − a| < r when r is positive?
الإجابة
x is within r units of a: a − r < x < a + r.
البطاقة ١٦٨
السؤال
What can a larger sample improve?
الإجابة
Precision, if the sampling method is sound. A huge biased sample can still give a confidently wrong picture of the population.
البطاقة ١٦٩
السؤال
How should a cross-source recommendation be evaluated?
الإجابة
Apply the stated decision rule to the combined evidence. Do not substitute a personal preference for the rule.
البطاقة ١٧٠
السؤال
If a worker finishes one job in t hours, what is the worker's hourly rate?
الإجابة
1/t of the job per hour.
البطاقة ١٧١
السؤال
What can an average hide?
الإجابة
The distribution. Two groups can share an average while differing sharply in range, concentration, or the number of extreme values.
البطاقة ١٧٢
السؤال
What should you confirm before submitting a Multi-Source Reasoning answer?
الإجابة
That every required part is supported by the correct source and scope. One unsupported component can invalidate the whole decision.
البطاقة ١٧٣
السؤال
How do you find the amount of a pure component in a mixture?
الإجابة
Concentration × total mixture amount. A 30% solution with volume 20 contains 0.30 × 20 = 6 units of the component.
البطاقة ١٧٤
السؤال
What role does a concession usually play?
الإجابة
It acknowledges a point that weighs against the conclusion, then answers that point or limits its relevance. Don't mistake the conceded claim for the argument's main conclusion.
البطاقة ١٧٥
السؤال
When can an apparent cross-source discrepancy be resolved?
الإجابة
When a stated difference in scope or method explains both figures. If no bridge is given, keep the conflict open.
البطاقة ١٧٦
السؤال
What is the two-set overlap formula?
الإجابة
In A or B = in A + in B − in both. Subtract the overlap because it was counted twice.
البطاقة ١٧٧
السؤال
What should you identify first in Table Analysis?
الإجابة
The row unit, column definitions, and any notes. This establishes what one record and each value represent.
البطاقة ١٧٨
السؤال
What is the fundamental counting principle?
الإجابة
Multiply the choices at successive stages when each stage has a fixed number of available choices.
البطاقة ١٧٩
السؤال
Why distinguish relative change from absolute change?
الإجابة
Relative change is the percentage change; absolute change is the amount added or lost. A 50% rise from 2 adds 1, while a 10% rise from 1,000 adds 100.
البطاقة ١٨٠
السؤال
How should a table filter be translated?
الإجابة
Turn it into an exact inclusion rule. Apply every condition before counting or comparing rows.
البطاقة ١٨١
السؤال
For equally likely outcomes, what is the basic probability formula?
الإجابة
Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.
البطاقة ١٨٢
السؤال
What makes a proposed causal mechanism useful?
الإجابة
It explains how the cause could produce the effect. A plausible, evidence-backed mechanism strengthens the causal link.
البطاقة ١٨٣
السؤال
How do you find the median?
الإجابة
Order the values and take the middle value; for an even count, average the two middle values.
البطاقة ١٨٤
السؤال
How should numeric values be sorted?
الإجابة
By numerical value, not digit order. For example, 12 comes after 9 in ascending order.
البطاقة ١٨٥
السؤال
What is missed when evidence includes only successful cases?
الإجابة
The failures. Studying only surviving firms can make a strategy look safer or more effective than it is.
البطاقة ١٨٦
السؤال
Two machines have stated constant rates of 1/3 and 1/5 job per hour and operate simultaneously without interference. May their rates be added?
الإجابة
Yes. The stated rates are constant and the machines do not interfere, so their combined rate is 1/3 + 1/5 = 8/15 job per hour.
البطاقة ١٨٧
السؤال
How should a table ratio be built when filters are involved?
الإجابة
Derive the numerator and denominator separately from the question, then apply each filter only where it is relevant. Do not automatically filter both quantities or default to all rows.
البطاقة ١٨٨
السؤال
What quantity is conserved when two solutions are mixed without loss?
الإجابة
The amount of the pure component. Set the sum of the starting component amounts equal to the final component amount.
البطاقة ١٨٩
السؤال
When may table rows be added directly?
الإجابة
Only when they are disjoint parts of the same measure and use compatible units. Overlapping groups would be double-counted.
البطاقة ١٩٠
السؤال
What does n! mean for a positive integer n?
الإجابة
The product of the positive integers from 1 through n.
البطاقة ١٩١
السؤال
Where is the argument's logical gap?
الإجابة
Between the evidence and the conclusion. State what must connect them without merely repeating either side.
البطاقة ١٩٢
السؤال
How do you find the number in neither of two sets?
الإجابة
Subtract the number in the union from the total population.
البطاقة ١٩٣
السؤال
How should rates from table groups be combined?
الإجابة
Divide the total numerator by the total denominator. Weight a group rate by its group size only when that size is the rate's denominator.
البطاقة ١٩٤
السؤال
What is wrong with moving from some cases to all cases?
الإجابة
The conclusion is broader than the evidence. Evidence that some members have a trait doesn't show that every member does.
البطاقة ١٩٥
السؤال
When should you use a permutation?
الإجابة
When selecting and arranging items and order matters. The number of ordered selections of r from n distinct items is n!/(n − r)!.
البطاقة ١٩٦
السؤال
Why does table granularity matter?
الإجابة
A row-level fact may disappear or change after aggregation. Match the claim to the table’s level of detail.
البطاقة ١٩٧
السؤال
How do you find the probability that an event does not occur?
الإجابة
1 − P(event). This is often the quickest route for “at least one” questions.
البطاقة ١٩٨
السؤال
Why does a comparable control group help test causation?
الإجابة
It shows what happened without the suspected cause. If the groups differ mainly in that factor, the result is harder to explain another way.
البطاقة ١٩٩
السؤال
How should missing table entries be treated?
الإجابة
As unknown unless the notes define another meaning. Exclude or include them only as the question directs.
البطاقة ٢٠٠
السؤال
What is the mode of a data set?
الإجابة
A mode is any value with the greatest frequency. Under the no-mode convention, there is no mode only when at least two distinct values all have equal frequency.
البطاقة ٢٠١
السؤال
What makes a table comparison valid?
الإجابة
The values must have compatible measures, units, periods, populations, and definitions. Normalize only validly convertible differences; reject differences in population, period, or definition that cannot be reconciled.
البطاقة ٢٠٢
السؤال
What should you check when a prediction extends a past pattern?
الإجابة
Whether the conditions behind the past pattern will continue. A trend alone doesn't show that its causes will remain in place.
البطاقة ٢٠٣
السؤال
How should a drain or other undoing process enter a work-rate equation?
الإجابة
As a negative rate. Add productive rates and subtract rates that reverse the work.
البطاقة ٢٠٤
السؤال
How can you avoid losing your place while scanning a table?
الإجابة
Evaluate one condition at a time and mark qualifying rows mentally or on the scratchpad. Count only after the final filter.
البطاقة ٢٠٥
السؤال
Can evidence that an outcome is possible show it is likely?
الإجابة
No. Possibility only shows that an outcome can occur; probability requires evidence about how likely it is.
البطاقة ٢٠٦
السؤال
What correction is needed when counting the union of three sets?
الإجابة
Add the three individual counts, subtract all three pairwise overlaps, then add the triple overlap back once.
البطاقة ٢٠٧
السؤال
When does a filtered table support a decision?
الإجابة
When the qualifying rows satisfy the stated rule. Keep filtering, calculation, and decision as separate steps.
البطاقة ٢٠٨
السؤال
When should you use a combination?
الإجابة
When selecting items and order does not matter. The number of selections of r from n distinct items is n!/[r!(n − r)!].
البطاقة ٢٠٩
السؤال
What must support a recommendation?
الإجابة
A link from the proposed action to the stated goal. The argument also needs the action to be feasible and free of costs that defeat the goal.
البطاقة ٢١٠
السؤال
How do AND and OR change a table filter?
الإجابة
AND requires every condition; OR requires at least one. Parenthesize mixed rules before scanning rows.
البطاقة ٢١١
السؤال
How do you find the probability that independent events both occur?
الإجابة
Multiply their probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
البطاقة ٢١٢
السؤال
What can make an alphabetical sort misleading?
الإجابة
Labels may contain categories or embedded numbers. Confirm whether the column is text, numeric, or chronological.
البطاقة ٢١٣
السؤال
What kind of fact most directly strengthens an argument?
الإجابة
A fact that supports the missing link between evidence and conclusion. Merely repeating a premise adds little.
البطاقة ٢١٤
السؤال
What is the range of a data set?
الإجابة
Maximum value minus minimum value.
البطاقة ٢١٥
السؤال
What should you check at a filter cutoff?
الإجابة
Whether the boundary is inclusive. “At least 40” includes 40; “more than 40” does not.
البطاقة ٢١٦
السؤال
A train covers 150 miles in 3 hours at a constant rate. What is its rate?
الإجابة
50 miles per hour. Rearrange distance = rate × time to get rate = 150 ÷ 3.
البطاقة ٢١٧
السؤال
What is the most direct way to weaken an argument?
الإجابة
Undermine a necessary assumption connecting the evidence to the conclusion. The premises can remain true while the conclusion loses support.
البطاقة ٢١٨
السؤال
What does a tie in the sorted column imply?
الإجابة
The tied rows share rank on that measure. Their display order does not create a performance difference.
البطاقة ٢١٩
السؤال
How do you identify a useful evaluation question?
الإجابة
Test whether opposite answers would push the argument in opposite directions. If both answers leave the conclusion unchanged, the question isn't useful.
البطاقة ٢٢٠
السؤال
What should you identify first in Graphics Interpretation?
الإجابة
The chart type and what each visual encoding represents. Bars, lines, areas, and points support different readings.
البطاقة ٢٢١
السؤال
How do repeated identical items affect arrangement counts?
الإجابة
For n total items, divide n! by the factorial of each repeated count. Identical items do not create new arrangements when swapped.
البطاقة ٢٢٢
السؤال
What should you read before estimating a plotted value?
الإجابة
Both axis labels, units, and category order. Position has meaning only after the axes are understood.
البطاقة ٢٢٣
السؤال
How do you test whether a statement is a necessary assumption?
الإجابة
Negate it. If that negation seriously damages the argument, the original statement was necessary.
البطاقة ٢٢٤
السؤال
How do you find the probability that one of two mutually exclusive events occurs?
الإجابة
Add their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Their overlap is zero.
البطاقة ٢٢٥
السؤال
What should you verify in a chart legend?
الإجابة
Which color, shape, or line maps to each series. Similar styling can otherwise swap the groups in your interpretation.
البطاقة ٢٢٦
السؤال
What does standard deviation measure?
الإجابة
How spread out values are around the mean. Greater dispersion means a larger standard deviation.
البطاقة ٢٢٧
السؤال
What standard should an inference meet?
الإجابة
It must follow from the given statements, without extra assumptions. Choose the modest claim the evidence guarantees.
البطاقة ٢٢٨
السؤال
What does a segment’s share depend on?
الإجابة
The correct whole. A category’s share of one region may differ from its share of the full dataset.
البطاقة ٢٢٩
السؤال
For motion along the same line, when do you add or subtract two speeds to get relative speed?
الإجابة
Add the speeds for opposite directions; subtract the smaller speed from the larger for the same direction.
البطاقة ٢٣٠
السؤال
What must a paradox explanation accomplish?
الإجابة
Make both surprising facts plausible at the same time. Rejecting either stated fact doesn't resolve the tension.
البطاقة ٢٣١
السؤال
How is a segment in a stacked bar measured?
الإجابة
Subtract its lower boundary from its upper boundary. The upper endpoint alone is cumulative, not the segment value.
البطاقة ٢٣٢
السؤال
Eight students average 70 and twelve students average 80. What is the combined mean?
الإجابة
The group sizes are the weights: (8 × 70 + 12 × 80) ÷ 20 = 76.
البطاقة ٢٣٣
السؤال
What is the difference between a graph’s level and its rate of change?
الإجابة
Level is the plotted value; rate of change is the slope. A high line can still be falling.
البطاقة ٢٣٤
السؤال
How should you describe a statement's role in an argument?
الإجابة
Describe what it does, not just what it says. It may support the conclusion, present an objection, answer that objection, or illustrate a principle.
البطاقة ٢٣٥
السؤال
What is P(A given B)?
الإجابة
P(A and B) / P(B), provided P(B) > 0. Restrict the sample space to outcomes in B.
البطاقة ٢٣٦
السؤال
How should slope be compared across a graph?
الإجابة
Use change in vertical value divided by change in horizontal value. Visual steepness is reliable only on the same scales.
البطاقة ٢٣٧
السؤال
A driver covers equal distances at 30 mph and 60 mph. Is the average speed 45 mph?
الإجابة
No. Using 60 miles for each leg gives 120 miles in 3 hours, so the average speed is 40 mph.
البطاقة ٢٣٨
السؤال
What should you identify first when evaluating a plan?
الإجابة
The plan's exact goal and success measure. A proposal can produce benefits yet still fail its stated objective.
البطاقة ٢٣٩
السؤال
What does a trend in a scatterplot establish?
الإجابة
An association in the displayed data. It does not by itself establish causation or predict every individual point.
البطاقة ٢٤٠
السؤال
How can you strengthen a causal explanation?
الإجابة
Rule out a credible alternative cause, support the proposed mechanism, or show the effect changes when the proposed cause changes.
البطاقة ٢٤١
السؤال
How can an outlier affect a graphical trend?
الإجابة
It can pull a summary line or average away from the main cluster. Check whether the claim concerns all points or the typical pattern.
البطاقة ٢٤٢
السؤال
Why do probabilities usually change when sampling without replacement?
الإجابة
The sample space changes after each draw. Update both the favorable count and the total before multiplying conditional probabilities.
البطاقة ٢٤٣
السؤال
One value in an n-value set increases by d. How does the mean change?
الإجابة
It increases by d/n because the total rises by d while the count stays fixed.
البطاقة ٢٤٤
السؤال
When does a counterexample weaken a claim?
الإجابة
When the claim requires the counterexample not to exist. One genuine exception can defeat an absolute claim, but may barely affect a modest one.
البطاقة ٢٤٥
السؤال
What is the parity of the sum of two odd integers?
الإجابة
Even. Each odd integer is one more than an even integer, so the two extra ones add to 2.
البطاقة ٢٤٦
السؤال
What can an aggregate graph hide?
الإجابة
Differences among subgroups or periods. A stable total can coexist with large offsetting changes inside it.
البطاقة ٢٤٧
السؤال
When is interpolation reasonable on a graph?
الإجابة
When the graph implies continuity between nearby points. Do not interpolate across separate categories.
البطاقة ٢٤٨
السؤال
What makes information relevant to evaluating an argument?
الإجابة
It bears on the uncertain link the conclusion depends on. Interesting facts about the topic may still be logically irrelevant.
البطاقة ٢٤٩
السؤال
How precise should a value read from a graph be?
الإجابة
Only as precise as the scale supports. Use a defensible interval when the mark falls between ticks.
البطاقة ٢٥٠
السؤال
Must a necessary assumption prove the conclusion?
الإجابة
No. It only has to be required for the argument to work; it need not be enough to establish the conclusion on its own.
البطاقة ٢٥١
السؤال
How do you multiply positive numbers written in scientific notation?
الإجابة
Multiply the coefficients, add the powers of 10, then adjust the coefficient to be at least 1 and less than 10.
البطاقة ٢٥٢
السؤال
How should a graph-based decision be made?
الإجابة
Translate the visual into values or bounds, then apply the stated rule. Do not decide from appearance alone.
البطاقة ٢٥٣
السؤال
When is backsolving from answer choices especially useful?
الإجابة
When the choices are concrete values and direct algebra is slower than testing them in the original conditions.
البطاقة ٢٥٤
السؤال
How can axis scale distort a visual impression?
الإجابة
Unequal intervals or a truncated baseline can magnify or compress differences. Use tick values, not apparent distance alone.
البطاقة ٢٥٥
السؤال
When should you combine two statements for an inference?
الإجابة
When they share a term or relationship that creates a guaranteed consequence. Don't combine them through an unstated causal or statistical link.
البطاقة ٢٥٦
السؤال
When is a product of integers odd?
الإجابة
Only when every factor is odd. One even factor makes the entire product even.
البطاقة ٢٥٧
السؤال
What often resolves two apparently conflicting results?
الإجابة
A hidden difference in group, time, measurement, or conditions. The results may describe different slices of the situation.
البطاقة ٢٥٨
السؤال
How should equal distances on a logarithmic axis be interpreted?
الإجابة
As equal multiplicative changes, not equal absolute changes. Read the labeled values before comparing gaps.
البطاقة ٢٥٩
السؤال
Why start with a middle answer choice when backsolving ordered options?
الإجابة
Its result often eliminates half the choices at once when the relationship is monotonic.
البطاقة ٢٦٠
السؤال
What makes a Two-Part Analysis response complete?
الإجابة
Both selections must satisfy their own column prompts under the same stem. Treat the pair as one submitted response.
البطاقة ٢٦١
السؤال
What is an analogy doing when it supports a claim?
الإجابة
It argues that because two cases share relevant features, a result or principle from one likely applies to the other.
البطاقة ٢٦٢
السؤال
How do you represent three consecutive odd integers?
الإجابة
n, n + 2, and n + 4, where n is an odd integer.
البطاقة ٢٦٣
السؤال
What should you identify before solving Two-Part Analysis?
الإجابة
The role of each column. One may ask for a condition while the other asks for a consequence or decision.
البطاقة ٢٦٤
السؤال
What values should you test first in a claim about an unspecified number?
الإجابة
Test allowed categories that may behave differently: positive, negative, zero, fractional, and boundary values.
البطاقة ٢٦٥
السؤال
How can an unchanged bottleneck defeat a plan?
الإجابة
Improving a nonlimiting step won't improve the final outcome if another constraint still controls it. Faster ordering doesn't help when production is already full.
البطاقة ٢٦٦
السؤال
How does the shared stem affect the two parts?
الإجابة
Its definitions and constraints apply to both. Keep them fixed while testing each column’s requirement.
البطاقة ٢٦٧
السؤال
How do you count the positive divisors of an integer greater than 1 from its prime factorization?
الإجابة
Add 1 to each prime exponent, then multiply those results.
البطاقة ٢٦٨
السؤال
In Two-Part Analysis, must the two selected entries be the same?
الإجابة
In the current format, the two selected entries may be the same or different. A linkage in the stem determines whether you must reason through them jointly, not whether their values match.
البطاقة ٢٦٩
السؤال
What makes evidence for a general claim strong?
الإجابة
It should be relevant and reliable and, if case-based, come from representative cases. More evidence isn't automatically better evidence.
البطاقة ٢٧٠
السؤال
How do you factor a difference of squares?
الإجابة
Use x² − y² = (x − y)(x + y).
البطاقة ٢٧١
السؤال
When should the two Two-Part Analysis selections be solved together?
الإجابة
When one shared relationship constrains both. Test candidate pairs against that relationship instead of solving isolated fragments.
البطاقة ٢٧٢
السؤال
How can one counterexample evaluate a universal claim?
الإجابة
One valid counterexample disproves a claim that is supposed to hold for every allowed value.
البطاقة ٢٧٣
السؤال
How does an alternative explanation weaken a conclusion?
الإجابة
It shows that the evidence can be true without the proposed explanation being true. The alternative must account for the same result.
البطاقة ٢٧٤
السؤال
In Two-Part Analysis, how can one column help solve the other?
الإجابة
A valid selection can narrow the remaining candidates when the parts share a constraint. Recheck the final pair in both columns.
البطاقة ٢٧٥
السؤال
How do you test whether x² + bx + c factors into integer binomials?
الإجابة
Look for integers r and s with r + s = b and rs = c. If they exist, the factorization is (x + r)(x + s).
البطاقة ٢٧٦
السؤال
Which unknown should you evaluate first in a plan argument?
الإجابة
A condition that could make the plan achieve or miss its goal. Focus on feasibility, response, costs, and side effects tied to that goal.
البطاقة ٢٧٧
السؤال
How should a trade-off between two measures be evaluated?
الإجابة
Apply the stated priorities or limits. An option is better only relative to the rule, not because one measure is largest.
البطاقة ٢٧٨
السؤال
How can estimation screen answer choices before exact calculation?
الإجابة
Approximate the expression's magnitude, then eliminate choices that are far too large or too small.
البطاقة ٢٧٩
السؤال
In a constrained-decision Two-Part Analysis problem, what should you check before comparing candidates?
الإجابة
Check every hard constraint first. Discard any option that breaks a required limit, then compare only the feasible candidates.
البطاقة ٢٨٠
السؤال
What does a defensive assumption do?
الإجابة
It rules out a threat that would break the argument. For example, a revenue plan may assume that its added costs won't exceed the new revenue.
البطاقة ٢٨١
السؤال
What restriction applies when a variable appears in a denominator?
الإجابة
Exclude every value that makes the denominator zero.
البطاقة ٢٨٢
السؤال
How does an objective differ from a constraint?
الإجابة
A constraint determines what is allowed; an objective ranks the allowed options. Apply them in that order.
البطاقة ٢٨٣
السؤال
Which quick checks catch many Quant answer errors?
الإجابة
Check the sign, units, allowed range, and rough size against the question's conditions.
البطاقة ٢٨٤
السؤال
What inference is safe from a statement about most members?
الإجابة
More than half have the stated trait. You can't infer that all do, that any particular member does, or that most have another trait.
البطاقة ٢٨٥
السؤال
How should a two-part threshold rule be handled?
الإجابة
Translate each threshold with the correct inequality, including its boundary. Then test both selected values against it.
البطاقة ٢٨٦
السؤال
Where can one negative sign appear in a fraction without changing its value?
الإجابة
Before the fraction, in the numerator, or in the denominator: −(a/b) = (−a)/b = a/(−b), provided b ≠ 0.
البطاقة ٢٨٧
السؤال
How does an argument choose between competing explanations?
الإجابة
It presents evidence that one explanation handles better than the others, often by ruling out a rival prediction.
البطاقة ٢٨٨
السؤال
What is an efficient way to handle two linked algebraic targets?
الإجابة
Express both in terms of one variable or invariant. Evaluate candidate values only after the relationship is clear.
البطاقة ٢٨٩
السؤال
How do you solve x² = c over the real numbers?
الإجابة
If c > 0, x = ±√c; if c = 0, x = 0; if c < 0, there is no real solution.
البطاقة ٢٩٠
السؤال
What should you check when two selected quantities form a ratio?
الإجابة
Order and scale. The ratio A:B is not interchangeable with B:A, and proportional pairs may all fit.
البطاقة ٢٩١
السؤال
How does a positive proper fraction compare with 1?
الإجابة
It is less than 1 because its numerator is smaller than its denominator.
البطاقة ٢٩٢
السؤال
Which side effects matter when evaluating a plan?
الإجابة
Effects that change the plan's net result or work against its goal. A small unrelated inconvenience usually doesn't matter.
البطاقة ٢٩٣
السؤال
How should a two-part logical claim be tested?
الإجابة
Separate the condition from the conclusion, then test whether each selected statement performs the requested role.
البطاقة ٢٩٤
السؤال
What is the solution pattern for |x| = a over the real numbers?
الإجابة
If a > 0, x = ±a; if a = 0, x = 0; if a < 0, there is no real solution.
البطاقة ٢٩٥
السؤال
What unit check belongs in a two-part quantitative answer?
الإجابة
Confirm that each selection has the unit requested by its column. Linked values may require different conversions.
البطاقة ٢٩٦
السؤال
Why does user response matter to a plan?
الإجابة
The plan may depend on people adopting, following, or not avoiding it. Availability alone doesn't guarantee the needed behavior.
البطاقة ٢٩٧
السؤال
A response rate rises from 40% to 50%. What are the percentage-point change and the relative percent increase?
الإجابة
The increase is 10 percentage points and 25% relative to the original rate: (50 − 40) ÷ 40 = 0.25.
البطاقة ٢٩٨
السؤال
What is the final check for Two-Part Analysis?
الإجابة
Read each column prompt with its chosen entry, then verify that the pair is jointly consistent with the stem.
البطاقة ٢٩٩
السؤال
For real x and y, what two linear cases are equivalent to x² = y²?
الإجابة
x = y or x = −y.
البطاقة ٣٠٠
السؤال
How should benefits and costs be compared in a plan argument?
الإجابة
By their net effect on the stated goal. A plan can create the intended benefit but still fail if its relevant costs are larger.

Abstract study workspace with blue number blocks, amber argument notes, and teal charts around a central light.

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GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

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GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

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