FAA Part 107 Flashcards: Remote Pilot Knowledge Test Review
Review the current FAA Part 107 knowledge areas with concise recall, practical scenarios, airspace and weather interpretation, operating limits, and recency rules.
Об этой колоде
Prepare for the FAA Remote Pilot knowledge test and keep core Part 107 decisions fresh. These 286 independently written cards cover every current ACS knowledge area, moving from foundational rules into airspace, weather reports, aircraft loading and performance, airport awareness, emergencies, operations over people, Remote ID, aeronautical decision-making, maintenance, and recurrent knowledge.
The cards practice rule-to-action, cue-to-meaning, code-to-interpretation, and short scenario-to-decision recall. Most prompts isolate one fact or decision; a few compact sets cover material learners naturally recall together, such as phonetic-alphabet chunks and radio phraseology. Unhelpful reverse variants and chart-dependent problems are excluded. The deterministic sequence teaches prerequisites before dependent ideas, interleaves the five public groups, and separates confusing variants. Initial certification and recurrent training are treated as separate paths, with current requirements reviewed against official sources on August 25, 2026. FAA-S-ACS-10B remains the current indexed topic guide; the current UAG Applicant Information Bulletin governs test distribution.
License scope: “Common knowledge · CC0 1.0” applies only to this deck’s independently written prompts, answers, examples, organization, and metadata, to the extent rights exist. It does not claim ownership of facts, laws, FAA names or publications, third-party marks, or source material.
Independent and unofficial; not affiliated with, endorsed by, or produced by the FAA, DOT, PSI, or any testing provider. No FAA or competitor test questions, answer choices, commercial-deck text, charts, logos, or third-party media were copied. Regulatory definitions and rules were independently condensed and may retain legally necessary terminology. Verify current requirements with the FAA certification path, Remote Pilot ACS, current UAG Applicant Information Bulletin, FAA study guide, and 14 CFR Part 107.
Карточки в этой колоде
Карточка 1
Вопрос
When does 14 CFR Part 107 generally apply?
Ответ
It generally applies to civil operations of small unmanned aircraft in the United States that are not conducted under another authority, such as the limited recreational exception.
Карточка 2
Вопрос
Who must receive the preflight operating briefing?
Ответ
Everyone directly participating in the operation, including visual observers and people manipulating the controls. Cover conditions, roles, hazards, and normal and emergency procedures.
Карточка 3
Вопрос
What is controlled airspace?
Ответ
Airspace of defined dimensions where ATC service is provided according to the airspace classification. For Part 107, authorization depends on the specific class and area.
Карточка 4
Вопрос
What is the basic difference between a weather observation and a forecast?
Ответ
An observation reports conditions that exist now at a location; a forecast predicts conditions for a future period and area.
Карточка 5
Вопрос
What is a small unmanned aircraft under Part 107?
Ответ
An unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds at takeoff, including everything on board or attached.
Карточка 6
Вопрос
What site conditions belong in a preflight assessment?
Ответ
Weather, airspace, restrictions, people, moving vehicles, wildlife, structures, wires, launch and recovery areas, lighting, interference, and alternate landing areas.
Карточка 7
Вопрос
Does being below maximum takeoff weight guarantee a safe takeoff?
Ответ
No. Elevation, temperature, humidity, wind, launch area, obstacles, battery condition, and aircraft limits may require a lower weight.
Карточка 8
Вопрос
What is the typical shape and purpose of Class B airspace?
Ответ
Individually tailored layers around the nation's busiest airports, often resembling an upside-down wedding cake. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
Карточка 9
Вопрос
What control-link checks belong before takeoff?
Ответ
Verify pairing, command response, antenna and frequency setup, interference risk, lost-link behavior, range needs, and crew communication.
Карточка 10
Вопрос
What does a small unmanned aircraft system include?
Ответ
The aircraft plus the communication links and components needed to control it safely and efficiently.
Карточка 11
Вопрос
What does a METAR report?
Ответ
Current surface weather at an airport or reporting station in a standard coded format.
Карточка 12
Вопрос
When must a remote PIC be designated?
Ответ
Before or during the flight. Every Part 107 operation must have a designated remote pilot in command.
Карточка 13
Вопрос
What power and attachment checks belong before takeoff?
Ответ
Confirm adequate battery or fuel, secure installation, correct payload and guards, unobstructed sensors and moving parts, and the intended configuration.
Карточка 14
Вопрос
How does excess weight usually affect aircraft performance?
Ответ
It reduces climb, ceiling, range, endurance, and maneuverability while increasing power demand and structural load.
Карточка 15
Вопрос
Who has final authority for a Part 107 operation?
Ответ
The designated remote PIC. That person is directly responsible for the operation and must ensure it complies with applicable rules.
Карточка 16
Вопрос
What airport environment usually has Class C airspace?
Ответ
An airport with an operating tower, radar approach control, and qualifying traffic volume. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
Карточка 17
Вопрос
What makes crew communication effective?
Ответ
Agreed roles, plain callouts, immediate hazard reports, acknowledgment of critical instructions, and a clear transfer-of-control procedure.
Карточка 18
Вопрос
What is a SPECI?
Ответ
An unscheduled special surface-weather report issued when significant conditions change or other criteria are met.
Карточка 19
Вопрос
May a noncertificated person manipulate the controls?
Ответ
Yes, under the direct supervision of a qualified remote PIC who can immediately take direct control.
Карточка 20
Вопрос
Does using a visual observer transfer remote-PIC responsibility?
Ответ
No. The visual observer supports awareness, while the remote PIC remains responsible and must ensure effective coordination.
Карточка 21
Вопрос
What condition must the small UAS be in before flight?
Ответ
A condition for safe operation. The remote PIC must inspect it before each flight and stop if a known condition would make the operation unsafe.
Карточка 22
Вопрос
What airport environment usually has Class D airspace?
Ответ
Airspace around an airport with an operating control tower. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
Карточка 23
Вопрос
What does a TAF provide?
Ответ
A forecast for the area within roughly 5 statute miles of an airport during its stated valid period.
Карточка 24
Вопрос
How should a remote PIC build a current internet weather briefing?
Ответ
Cross-check current observations, forecasts, hazard advisories, and graphical products for the operation's place and time. Use current FAA/NWS or Flight Service sources and check each product's issue and valid times.
Карточка 25
Вопрос
What is the remote PIC's role when automation flies the route?
Ответ
Continuously monitor the aircraft, environment, control link, and automation mode, and remain ready to intervene before safety margins disappear.
Карточка 26
Вопрос
When must a crewmember decline a Part 107 role for medical reasons?
Ответ
When a physical or mental condition would interfere with safe operation of the small UAS.
Карточка 27
Вопрос
Why must in-flight weight changes be planned?
Ответ
Releasing payload or consuming fuel can improve some performance while shifting the center of gravity and changing control response.
Карточка 28
Вопрос
When does Class E airspace require Part 107 authorization?
Ответ
When it is the surface area designated for an airport. Other Class E airspace does not generally require Part 107 authorization.
Карточка 29
Вопрос
What may the FAA inspect from a Part 107 operator?
Ответ
The remote pilot certificate, identification, registration, required records, the small UAS, and information or tests needed to determine compliance.
Карточка 30
Вопрос
What should a lost-link plan decide before flight?
Ответ
The aircraft's automatic action, route and altitude, timeout, recovery area, crew callouts, and point at which the flight will be terminated safely.
Карточка 31
Вопрос
What do ASOS and AWOS provide?
Ответ
Automated surface weather observations. Their data are useful but still represent conditions at the sensor location.
Карточка 32
Вопрос
How must a remote PIC carry the certificate during an operation?
Ответ
The remote pilot certificate and identification must be in the person's physical possession and readily accessible.
Карточка 33
Вопрос
What is the first priority during a flyaway?
Ответ
Protect people and other aircraft: warn the crew, track the aircraft if possible, assess airspace and trajectory, and notify appropriate authorities when needed.
Карточка 34
Вопрос
What is Class G airspace?
Ответ
Uncontrolled airspace from the surface to the base of overlying controlled airspace. Part 107 does not require ATC authorization solely because the operation is in Class G.
Карточка 35
Вопрос
Does a Part 107 drone at or below 0.55 pound need registration?
Ответ
Yes. The weight-based registration exception applies only when the aircraft is flown exclusively under the limited recreational exception.
Карточка 36
Вопрос
What should a remote PIC do after unexpected GPS loss?
Ответ
Use the aircraft's known non-GPS control mode or contingency procedure, stabilize or land promptly, and avoid relying on automation that needs valid position data.
Карточка 37
Вопрос
What is the center of gravity?
Ответ
The point at which the aircraft's total weight can be considered concentrated.
Карточка 38
Вопрос
What does the four-letter group after METAR identify?
Ответ
The reporting station's ICAO identifier, such as a K-prefixed identifier in the contiguous United States.
Карточка 39
Вопрос
How are aircraft registered for Part 107 operations?
Ответ
Each aircraft is registered separately and receives its own registration number.
Карточка 40
Вопрос
What should be done with a swollen, damaged, or overheating lithium battery?
Ответ
Do not fly or charge it. Isolate it safely and follow the manufacturer and hazardous-material handling guidance.
Карточка 41
Вопрос
Why is Class A not a normal Part 107 operating environment?
Ответ
Class A begins at 18,000 feet MSL, far above ordinary Part 107 altitude limits.
Карточка 42
Вопрос
How long is a Part 48 registration certificate valid?
Ответ
Three years. Renewal verification may occur at any time within the six months preceding the month in which the certificate expires.
Карточка 43
Вопрос
How is a METAR time group decoded?
Ответ
The first two digits are the day of the month and the next four are UTC time; Z means Zulu, or UTC.
Карточка 44
Вопрос
What is the safest basic lithium-battery charging practice?
Ответ
Use compatible equipment on a nonflammable surface, monitor the charge, control temperature, and keep a suitable response plan nearby.
Карточка 45
Вопрос
When must Part 48 registration information be updated or canceled?
Ответ
Within 14 calendar days after an applicable change, destruction, transfer, export, or end of eligibility.
Карточка 46
Вопрос
What registration document must be available during a Part 107 flight?
Ответ
The aircraft's FAA registration certificate, as a paper or digital copy. Anyone operating the drone must have it in their possession while flying.
Карточка 47
Вопрос
What moves an aircraft's center of gravity?
Ответ
Changing where weight is placed, attached, shifted, or released.
Карточка 48
Вопрос
What is the NAS, and what is ATC’s role within it?
Ответ
The National Airspace System integrates U.S. airspace, facilities, services, rules, and people. ATC promotes a safe, orderly traffic flow and helps prevent collisions, but it doesn't replace the remote PIC's Part 107 or see-and-avoid duties.
Карточка 49
Вопрос
What makes an emergency plan useful?
Ответ
Specific triggers, immediate actions, crew callouts, safe landing areas, emergency contacts, and aircraft-specific procedures that the crew has reviewed before flight.
Карточка 50
Вопрос
How is a Class B boundary shown on a sectional chart?
Ответ
With solid blue lines. The charted altitude figures define the shelves and limits.
Карточка 51
Вопрос
What is the first response to a lithium-battery fire?
Ответ
Move people away, call emergency services as needed, follow the site and battery response plan, and use a suitable extinguisher only if trained. Damaged cells can reignite, so keep monitoring from a safe position.
Карточка 52
Вопрос
How must a Part 48 registration number appear on a drone?
Ответ
Legibly displayed, affixed, and visible on an external surface of the aircraft.
Карточка 53
Вопрос
How is 22012KT decoded in a weather report?
Ответ
Wind is from 220 degrees true at 12 knots.
Карточка 54
Вопрос
What recurring factors contribute to many small-UAS accidents?
Ответ
Weak planning, loss of control, failure to detect or yield to other aircraft, and poor judgment or decision-making. Careful planning, continuous control, traffic scanning, and conservative decisions reduce those risks.
Карточка 55
Вопрос
Which drones must follow Remote ID operating rules?
Ответ
Unmanned aircraft that are registered or required to be registered, unless a specific Part 89 exception or authorization applies.
Карточка 56
Вопрос
What is the Part 107 maximum groundspeed?
Ответ
87 knots, which is 100 miles per hour.
Карточка 57
Вопрос
How is a Class C boundary shown on a sectional chart?
Ответ
With solid magenta lines.
Карточка 58
Вопрос
What are the three ordinary ways to comply with Remote ID?
Ответ
Operate a Standard Remote ID drone, use an FAA-compliant broadcast module, or fly a nonbroadcasting drone entirely within a FRIA under its conditions.
Карточка 59
Вопрос
What is the normal Part 107 altitude limit?
Ответ
400 feet above ground level.
Карточка 60
Вопрос
What does 18010G18KT mean?
Ответ
Wind from 180 degrees true at 10 knots, gusting to 18 knots.
Карточка 61
Вопрос
How should spare lithium batteries be transported safely?
Ответ
Inspect them, protect the terminals from short circuit, and pack them against movement or damage. Don't transport a battery that is swollen, damaged, overheating, or subject to a safety recall unless it has been made safe under the applicable transport rules.
Карточка 62
Вопрос
What should a pilot do if the loaded CG is outside approved limits?
Ответ
Do not fly. Relocate or remove weight until the aircraft remains within limits for the entire operation.
Карточка 63
Вопрос
What information does Standard Remote ID broadcast?
Ответ
Aircraft identity; the drone's position, geometric altitude, and velocity; the control station's position and geometric altitude; a UTC time mark; and the aircraft's emergency status.
Карточка 64
Вопрос
How is a Class D boundary shown on a sectional chart?
Ответ
With a dashed blue line.
Карточка 65
Вопрос
What altitude exception applies near a structure?
Ответ
Within 400 feet horizontally of a structure, the drone may fly up to 400 feet above the structure's uppermost limit, subject to airspace and other rules.
Карточка 66
Вопрос
What are the basic Part 107 visibility and cloud clearances?
Ответ
At least 3 statute miles of flight visibility from the control station, 500 feet below clouds, and 2,000 feet horizontally from clouds.
Карточка 67
Вопрос
What location replaces the control-station location in a broadcast-module message?
Ответ
The aircraft's takeoff location and geometric altitude. The module also broadcasts its serial number and the aircraft's position, altitude, velocity, and time mark.
Карточка 68
Вопрос
What must visual line of sight let the crew determine?
Ответ
The aircraft's location, attitude, altitude, direction, nearby traffic and hazards, and whether it remains safe to operate.
Карточка 69
Вопрос
How is a Class E surface area shown on a sectional chart?
Ответ
With a dashed magenta line. A Part 107 operation inside its lateral boundary needs prior authorization.
Карточка 70
Вопрос
What does 2SM mean in a METAR?
Ответ
Prevailing visibility is 2 statute miles, below Part 107's normal 3-statute-mile minimum.
Карточка 71
Вопрос
What must the person manipulating the controls do if Standard Remote ID or a broadcast module stops broadcasting in flight?
Ответ
Land the aircraft as soon as practicable.
Карточка 72
Вопрос
Why can a payload mounted off center be hazardous?
Ответ
It creates an unbalanced moment, increases control effort, and may leave too little control authority to resist wind or recover from a disturbance.
Карточка 73
Вопрос
May corrective lenses be used to maintain visual line of sight?
Ответ
Yes. Vision must otherwise be unaided by devices such as binoculars.
Карточка 74
Вопрос
What extra operating limit comes with a Remote ID broadcast module?
Ответ
The person manipulating the controls must be able to see the aircraft at all times throughout the operation.
Карточка 75
Вопрос
For METAR weather that accepts an intensity qualifier, what do
-,+, and no sign mean?Ответ
-means light,+means heavy, and no sign means moderate. Apply that rule only to weather phenomena that use intensity qualifiers.Карточка 76
Вопрос
What communication must a visual observer maintain?
Ответ
Effective communication with the remote PIC and the person manipulating the controls so traffic and hazards can be shared promptly.
Карточка 77
Вопрос
What does a shaded magenta Class E boundary usually indicate?
Ответ
Class E begins at 700 feet AGL on the faded side of the boundary.
Карточка 78
Вопрос
What conditions apply to a non-Remote-ID flight in a FRIA?
Ответ
Both the aircraft and the person manipulating the controls must remain within the FRIA boundaries, and that person must see the aircraft throughout the flight.
Карточка 79
Вопрос
How many drones may one person serve at once under Part 107?
Ответ
One. A person may not manipulate controls, serve as remote PIC, or serve as visual observer for more than one operation at the same time.
Карточка 80
Вопрос
How do FEW, SCT, BKN, and OVC differ?
Ответ
FEW is more than 0 through 2/8 sky cover; SCT is 3/8–4/8; BKN is 5/8–7/8; and OVC is 8/8.
Карточка 81
Вопрос
What can a weather chart or graphical product tell you—and what can't it?
Ответ
It shows the broad location, movement, or forecast extent of weather. Its valid time, scale, symbols, and resolution limit it, so it doesn't replace current site-specific reports, forecasts, and advisories.
Карточка 82
Вопрос
What is aircraft stability?
Ответ
The inherent tendency to resist a disturbance or return toward the original flight condition.
Карточка 83
Вопрос
What Remote ID detail belongs in a Part 107 registration record?
Ответ
The serial number of the Standard Remote ID aircraft or the broadcast module used for that registered device.
Карточка 84
Вопрос
Which aircraft have right of way over a small UAS?
Ответ
All aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch or reentry vehicles. The small UAS must yield and must not create a collision hazard.
Карточка 85
Вопрос
What does a shaded blue Class E boundary usually indicate?
Ответ
Class E begins at 1,200 feet AGL on the faded side of the boundary.
Карточка 86
Вопрос
Can ADS-B Out satisfy Remote ID?
Ответ
No. Part 89 expressly rejects ADS-B Out as a means of Remote ID compliance.
Карточка 87
Вопрос
May a Part 107 small UAS carry hazardous material?
Ответ
No. Part 107 prohibits carrying hazardous material as defined by federal hazardous-materials law.
Карточка 88
Вопрос
Which reported cloud layers form a ceiling?
Ответ
The lowest broken or overcast layer, or vertical visibility into an obscuration. Few and scattered layers are not ceilings.
Карточка 89
Вопрос
Why must a remote pilot distinguish MSL from AGL?
Ответ
MSL measures altitude from mean sea level, while AGL measures height above the local surface. Sectional airspace limits commonly use MSL; Part 107's normal height limit uses AGL.
Карточка 90
Вопрос
What conduct does Part 107 prohibit as hazardous operation?
Ответ
Careless or reckless operation that endangers another person's life or property, and dropping an object in a way that creates an undue hazard.
Карточка 91
Вопрос
When may the FAA authorize a Remote ID deviation?
Ответ
For an operation conducted solely for aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations, or under another specific FAA authorization.
Карточка 92
Вопрос
Why can a small-UAS radio link fail even within visual range?
Ответ
Shared-band interference, barriers, antenna orientation, distance, or terrain can weaken a line-of-sight RF link. Check the site and link before flight, stay within manufacturer limits, and follow the lost-link plan.
Карточка 93
Вопрос
What is CTAF?
Ответ
The Common Traffic Advisory Frequency used for airport advisory practices at an airport without an operating control tower.
Карточка 94
Вопрос
What is maneuverability?
Ответ
The aircraft's ability to change attitude or flightpath and withstand the loads created by those maneuvers.
Карточка 95
Вопрос
May a small UAS be operated from a moving aircraft?
Ответ
No.
Карточка 96
Вопрос
How do UNICOM and MULTICOM differ?
Ответ
UNICOM is a nongovernment air-ground station that may provide airport information; MULTICOM is a common self-announce frequency used where no tower, FSS, or UNICOM is available.
Карточка 97
Вопрос
Who may apply to establish a FRIA?
Ответ
An FAA-recognized community-based organization or an educational institution. An individual pilot cannot establish one alone.
Карточка 98
Вопрос
How is BKN015 decoded?
Ответ
A broken cloud layer with a base 1,500 feet AGL.
Карточка 99
Вопрос
How are sectional airspace altitudes commonly written?
Ответ
In hundreds of feet MSL, with the ceiling above the floor. A floor marked SFC begins at the surface.
Карточка 100
Вопрос
When may a small UAS be operated from a moving land or water vehicle?
Ответ
Only over a sparsely populated area, and not while transporting another person's property for compensation or hire.
Карточка 101
Вопрос
What does ATIS provide?
Ответ
A repeating broadcast of current local weather and important noncontrol airport information, identified by a letter code that changes with updates.
Карточка 102
Вопрос
What does “November” followed by letters or numbers identify in a traffic call?
Ответ
A U.S. civil aircraft registration used as its call sign. Decode the remaining characters with standard digits and the aviation phonetic alphabet.
Карточка 103
Вопрос
What must a foreign-registered drone obtain before U.S. Remote ID operations?
Ответ
The operator must file the required Notice of Identification and receive an FAA Confirmation of Identification before operating in the United States.
Карточка 104
Вопрос
What alcohol limits apply to a Part 107 crewmember?
Ответ
No duty within 8 hours after drinking, while under the influence, or with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 percent or more.
Карточка 105
Вопрос
How is M02/M05 decoded?
Ответ
Temperature minus 2 degrees Celsius and dew point minus 5 degrees Celsius.
Карточка 106
Вопрос
Must a Part 107 pilot routinely transmit on aviation radio near an airport?
Ответ
No. Monitoring the correct frequency can improve awareness, but it does not replace visual vigilance or create a general transmission requirement.
Карточка 107
Вопрос
What are A–I in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
Ответ
Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India.
Карточка 108
Вопрос
What extra §107.29 conditions apply in ordinary daylight?
Ответ
None solely because it is daylight. The night-knowledge and three-statute-mile anti-collision-light conditions in §107.29 do not apply, but every other applicable Part 107 requirement still does.
Карточка 109
Вопрос
What does a blue versus magenta airport symbol usually tell you?
Ответ
Blue generally identifies an airport with an operating control tower; magenta generally identifies a nontowered airport.
Карточка 110
Вопрос
What Remote ID label should an operator verify?
Ответ
A Standard Remote ID aircraft or broadcast module must carry the producer's legible, prominent, permanently affixed English label stating that it meets Part 89.
Карточка 111
Вопрос
Does ordinary license-free drone-control equipment need an individual FCC operator license?
Ответ
No, provided FCC-authorized equipment is used within the conditions of its license-free radio service. Equipment authorization applies to the device; other frequencies or radio services may require an individual operator or station license.
Карточка 112
Вопрос
May a crewmember use a drug that impairs safe operation?
Ответ
No. A person may not participate while using a drug that affects their faculties contrary to safety.
Карточка 113
Вопрос
What is Local Airport Advisory service?
Ответ
It is an FSS advisory service available only in Alaska, within 10 statute miles of an airport where the tower isn't operating and an FSS is located on the airport. Check the current Alaska Chart Supplement for availability.
Карточка 114
Вопрос
What is controllability?
Ответ
The aircraft's ability to respond to control inputs, regardless of how inherently stable it is.
Карточка 115
Вопрос
What knowledge prerequisite applies to Part 107 night operations?
Ответ
The remote PIC must have completed an initial knowledge test or training, as applicable under §107.65, after April 6, 2021. Applicable training may be initial Part 61 training or recurrent training.
Карточка 116
Вопрос
How is A2992 decoded in a METAR?
Ответ
An altimeter setting of 29.92 inches of mercury.
Карточка 117
Вопрос
How should a remote pilot treat a towered airport when its control tower is closed?
Ответ
Treat it as an airport without an operating tower: check the published CTAF and procedures, monitor traffic, and rely on see-and-avoid rather than tower control.
Карточка 118
Вопрос
What does a crewed-aircraft self-announcement normally communicate?
Ответ
The aircraft identity, airport, position, altitude when useful, and intentions. Use that information to project the traffic path; Part 107 doesn't create a routine transmit requirement.
Карточка 119
Вопрос
What is a prohibited area?
Ответ
Airspace where flight is prohibited for security or national-welfare reasons unless the responsible agency authorizes it.
Карточка 120
Вопрос
What lighting is required for a Part 107 night flight?
Ответ
Anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles, with a flash rate sufficient to avoid a collision.
Карточка 121
Вопрос
What relationship holds in steady, level flight?
Ответ
Lift equals weight. If available lift becomes insufficient for the weight and conditions, altitude cannot be maintained.
Карточка 122
Вопрос
What Remote ID check is required before takeoff with a broadcast module?
Ответ
The person manipulating the controls must ensure the module is functioning as required by Part 89 before takeoff.
Карточка 123
Вопрос
Why should a remote pilot understand the traffic pattern?
Ответ
It predicts where crewed aircraft are likely to climb, descend, turn, and approach, helping the small UAS remain clear.
Карточка 124
Вопрос
What are J–R in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
Ответ
Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo.
Карточка 125
Вопрос
What certificate consequences can follow prohibited drug or alcohol conduct?
Ответ
The FAA may deny an application for up to one year or suspend or revoke a certificate. Refusing a qualifying alcohol test or refusing to release requested results can trigger the same consequences.
Карточка 126
Вопрос
What does RMK introduce in a METAR?
Ответ
The remarks section, which can add sensor, pressure, lightning, visibility, and other details.
Карточка 127
Вопрос
May anti-collision lighting be dimmed at night?
Ответ
Its intensity may be reduced when necessary for safety, but it may not be extinguished during the operation.
Карточка 128
Вопрос
What is a restricted area?
Ответ
Airspace containing unusual, often invisible hazards such as artillery or missile activity. A Part 107 operation requires permission from the using or controlling agency, as applicable.
Карточка 129
Вопрос
Which sources provide current airport operating data?
Ответ
The sectional chart, Chart Supplement, current NOTAMs, and local broadcasts such as ATIS, ASOS, or AWOS.
Карточка 130
Вопрос
Why do heliports and seaplane bases need separate traffic awareness?
Ответ
Their traffic may use water, pads, or routes that don't match a runway pattern. Identify the facility on current charts and airport data, then watch for low or unexpected arrivals and departures.
Карточка 131
Вопрос
What is a warning area?
Ответ
Airspace extending from 3 nautical miles outward from the U.S. coast that warns of potentially hazardous activity where the United States lacks sole jurisdiction.
Карточка 132
Вопрос
What is civil twilight for Part 107 outside Alaska?
Ответ
The 30 minutes before official sunrise and the 30 minutes after official sunset. During civil twilight, the aircraft must have an anti-collision light visible for at least 3 statute miles with a flash rate sufficient to avoid collision; its intensity may be reduced, but not extinguished, when safety requires.
Карточка 133
Вопрос
How is a runway number derived?
Ответ
From the runway's magnetic direction rounded to the nearest 10 degrees, with the final zero omitted.
Карточка 134
Вопрос
How far may a remote PIC deviate during an in-flight emergency?
Ответ
Only as far as necessary to address that emergency.
Карточка 135
Вопрос
How is the TAF valid period 2512/2618 decoded?
Ответ
From 1200 UTC on the 25th until 1800 UTC on the 26th.
Карточка 136
Вопрос
When is an emergency-deviation report required?
Ответ
Only when the FAA requests one. The remote PIC must then provide a written report.
Карточка 137
Вопрос
What do hold-position markings protect?
Ответ
They mark a boundary that aircraft and vehicles must not cross without the required clearance or authorization, protecting an active runway or other controlled surface.
Карточка 138
Вопрос
What are S–Z in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
Ответ
Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, Xray, Yankee, Zulu.
Карточка 139
Вопрос
What is load factor?
Ответ
The ratio of the aerodynamic load supported by the aircraft to its weight, expressed in Gs.
Карточка 140
Вопрос
What should a remote pilot get from the current Chart Supplement?
Ответ
Airport and runway details, lighting, communications, weather sources, notices, procedures, and other data that aren't readily shown graphically. The FAA issues the Chart Supplement every 56 days, so use the current edition.
Карточка 141
Вопрос
Which Part 107 accidents require an FAA report?
Ответ
Within 10 calendar days, report an operation causing serious injury or loss of consciousness, or qualifying damage to property other than the drone above the $500 threshold.
Карточка 142
Вопрос
What is the purpose of a military operations area?
Ответ
To separate specified military training activity from IFR traffic. Other pilots should check its status and exercise extreme caution.
Карточка 143
Вопрос
How do hazard and risk differ?
Ответ
A hazard is a condition that can cause harm; risk is the assessed likelihood and severity of that harm in the planned operation.
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Карточка 144
Вопрос
How can a remote pilot obtain a current established NOTAM?
Ответ
Use FAA NOTAM Search or request it through Flight Service's current online or telephone briefing channels. Confirm the location, effective period, and any later change before flight.
Карточка 145
Вопрос
What does SIDA mean at an airport?
Ответ
Security Identification Display Area—a limited-access area that requires authorization and proper displayed identification. Don't enter if you aren't authorized; ask the airport authority when the boundary is unclear.
Карточка 146
Вопрос
What does FM mark in a TAF?
Ответ
A rapid, lasting change beginning at the stated time, after which the new forecast conditions apply.
Карточка 147
Вопрос
Which controlled airspace needs prior Part 107 authorization?
Ответ
Class B, C, and D airspace, plus the lateral boundaries of Class E surface areas designated for an airport.
Карточка 148
Вопрос
What does PAVE organize?
Ответ
Preflight risk into Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, and External pressures.
Карточка 149
Вопрос
What load factor occurs in a coordinated 60-degree level turn?
Ответ
2 G. The aircraft must produce lift equal to twice its weight to hold altitude.
Карточка 150
Вопрос
What rule applies near any airport without controlled-airspace authorization requirements?
Ответ
The operation still may not interfere with airport traffic patterns or operations.
Карточка 151
Вопрос
How does traffic awareness differ with an operating tower versus a closed or nontowered airport?
Ответ
With an operating tower, monitor its published frequency and use the traffic picture it provides. When the tower is closed or absent, use the published CTAF and nontowered procedures. Monitoring never authorizes the UAS or replaces visual vigilance and other Part 107 duties.
Карточка 152
Вопрос
What does an alert area signal?
Ответ
A high volume of pilot training or unusual aerial activity. All pilots remain responsible for collision avoidance.
Карточка 153
Вопрос
What does IMSAFE check?
Ответ
Personal fitness through Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, and Emotion.
Карточка 154
Вопрос
How do TEMPO and PROB30 differ in a TAF?
Ответ
TEMPO describes temporary fluctuations during a period; PROB30 gives a 30 percent probability of specified conditions during its period.
Карточка 155
Вопрос
What is needed to enter prohibited or restricted airspace?
Ответ
Permission from the using or controlling agency, as applicable, in addition to compliance with other requirements.
Карточка 156
Вопрос
How are altitude, direction, speed, and time normally spoken on aviation radio?
Ответ
Use distinct digits and the standard label: 12,500 is “one two thousand five hundred”; heading 270 is “heading two seven zero”; 15 knots is “one five knots”; 0930 UTC is “zero niner three zero Zulu.”
Карточка 157
Вопрос
What are the three steps of the 3P model?
Ответ
Perceive hazards, Process their effect on safety, and Perform the best risk control. Repeat as conditions change.
Карточка 158
Вопрос
What must a remote PIC do about a temporary flight restriction?
Ответ
Check current NOTAMs before flight and comply with the TFR unless specifically authorized otherwise.
Карточка 159
Вопрос
For §107.9 reporting, what counts as a serious injury?
Ответ
An injury at Abbreviated Injury Scale Level 3 or higher. Loss of consciousness remains a separate reporting trigger even without that injury classification.
Карточка 160
Вопрос
Why is a controlled firing area not charted?
Ответ
Its hazardous activity must stop when a spotter, radar, or lookout detects an approaching aircraft, so nonparticipating aircraft need not reroute around it.
Карточка 161
Вопрос
What are the legs and normal turn direction of a standard airport traffic pattern?
Ответ
Departure, upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, and final approach are distinct components; upwind is not another name for departure. Standard traffic uses left turns unless airport markings or current publications specify otherwise.
Карточка 162
Вопрос
What does a Convective SIGMET warn about?
Ответ
Significant convective hazards such as severe, embedded, or organized thunderstorms, including qualifying hail, wind, or tornado risk.
Карточка 163
Вопрос
How do CARE and TEAM support a risk decision?
Ответ
CARE processes Consequences, Alternatives, Reality, and External factors; TEAM chooses to Transfer, Eliminate, Accept, or Mitigate the risk.
Карточка 164
Вопрос
What must preflight familiarization cover?
Ответ
Local weather, airspace and restrictions, people and property, ground hazards, crew roles, control links, power, attachments, and the aircraft's condition.
Карточка 165
Вопрос
What night-lighting check belongs in the preflight inspection?
Ответ
Verify that the required anti-collision light works, is positioned and rated to remain visible for at least 3 statute miles, and has enough power for the planned flight and landing.
Карточка 166
Вопрос
How does increased load factor affect fixed-wing stall speed?
Ответ
Stall speed rises with the square root of load factor, so steep or abrupt maneuvers can cause a stall at a higher airspeed.
Карточка 167
Вопрос
What does an MTR identifier reveal?
Ответ
IR denotes an IFR route, and VR denotes a VFR route. Four digits mean no route segment is above 1,500 feet AGL, while three digits mean at least one segment is above 1,500 feet AGL; a trailing letter may identify an alternate route. Expect fast, low-altitude military traffic.
Карточка 168
Вопрос
What extra limits apply when transporting property for compensation under Part 107?
Ответ
The transport must stay wholly within one State, territory, or U.S. possession, or within the District of Columbia. It must also remain within visual line of sight, use no moving vehicle, and keep the aircraft plus property under 55 pounds.
Карточка 169
Вопрос
What is crew resource management?
Ответ
The effective use of people, equipment, and information to coordinate the operation and make safer decisions.
Карточка 170
Вопрос
What is density altitude?
Ответ
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. Operationally, it describes the air density the aircraft performs as though it were experiencing.
Карточка 171
Вопрос
May a Part 107 drone transmit with a transponder?
Ответ
Not unless the FAA authorizes or directs its use.
Карточка 172
Вопрос
How is a temporary flight restriction established?
Ответ
Through an FDC NOTAM that states the location, effective time, dimensions, altitudes, reason, and coordinating facility.
Карточка 173
Вопрос
What should a remote pilot do about birds or other wildlife near the route?
Ответ
Avoid known concentrations and migration activity, then divert or land before a conflict develops. Report any wildlife strike through the FAA Wildlife Strike Database or Form 5200-7.
Карточка 174
Вопрос
What is situational awareness?
Ответ
An accurate understanding of the aircraft, crew, environment, mission, and how those conditions are likely to change.
Карточка 175
Вопрос
What colors normally distinguish runway and taxiway markings?
Ответ
Runway markings are white; taxiway markings are yellow. Holding-position markings are also yellow, even when placed on a runway.
Карточка 176
Вопрос
How does high density altitude affect a small UAS?
Ответ
Thinner air reduces propeller, wing, and cooling performance, often lowering payload, climb rate, and endurance.
Карточка 177
Вопрос
What is single-pilot resource management?
Ответ
Managing every available resource before and during flight so one pilot can maintain awareness, control workload, assess risk, and decide well.
Карточка 178
Вопрос
Which conditions raise density altitude?
Ответ
Higher elevation or lower pressure, higher temperature, and higher humidity.
Карточка 179
Вопрос
What is the minimum age for a remote pilot certificate?
Ответ
- The applicant normally must also read, speak, write, and understand English and have no disqualifying physical or mental condition. If a medical reason prevents meeting an English requirement, the FAA may place operating limitations on the certificate.
Карточка 180
Вопрос
What is an early sign of task saturation?
Ответ
Working harder while accomplishing less, missing inputs, or fixating on one item. Stop, slow down, prioritize, and reduce workload.
Карточка 181
Вопрос
May ADS-B Out be transmitted during a Part 107 operation?
Ответ
Not unless the FAA authorizes or directs it. ADS-B Out is also not a substitute for Remote ID.
Карточка 182
Вопрос
Where should a pilot look for frequent parachute-jump activity?
Ответ
The sectional chart and current Chart Supplement, then current NOTAMs for time-sensitive activity.
Карточка 183
Вопрос
Why should a small UAS never fly beneath an unmanned free balloon?
Ответ
Its payload suspension or trailing antenna may be hard to see and extend below the balloon. Stay well clear rather than passing underneath.
Карточка 184
Вопрос
What personal equipment should a remote pilot prepare for night operations?
Ответ
Keep a reliable dimmable white or red flashlight, fresh or spare batteries, and needed charts and checklists accessible. This is an operator-equipment recommendation, separate from the aircraft-lighting rule in §107.29.
Карточка 185
Вопрос
Why does high humidity reduce aircraft performance?
Ответ
Moist air is less dense than dry air, so the propellers or wings produce less force under otherwise equal conditions.
Карточка 186
Вопрос
Why are external pressures dangerous?
Ответ
Schedule, client, money, or pride can make a pilot discount weather, condition, or skill limits. A preplanned cancellation rule protects the decision.
Карточка 187
Вопрос
May someone take the initial Part 107 knowledge test before age 16?
Ответ
Yes, at age 14 or older. Certificate eligibility still begins at age 16.
Карточка 188
Вопрос
What is the usual first-time certification path without a qualifying Part 61 certificate?
Ответ
Pass the initial Unmanned Aircraft General—Small knowledge test, then complete the FAA application and vetting process.
Карточка 189
Вопрос
Why can high temperature shorten a battery-powered flight?
Ответ
The aircraft may need more power in less-dense air while the battery and electronics face greater thermal stress.
Карточка 190
Вопрос
How should the anti-authority attitude be countered?
Ответ
Pause and follow the applicable rule or procedure; do not dismiss it merely because someone else imposed it.
Карточка 191
Вопрос
What is a TRSA?
Ответ
A Terminal Radar Service Area where participating pilots may receive additional radar services. Participation is voluntary, and the underlying airspace classes still control Part 107 authorization.
Карточка 192
Вопрос
What do common airport beacon colors identify?
Ответ
A white-and-green beacon identifies a lighted land airport; a white-and-yellow beacon identifies a lighted water airport or seaplane base; and a green-yellow-white beacon identifies a lighted heliport.
Карточка 193
Вопрос
What alternative initial path is available to a qualifying Part 61 pilot?
Ответ
With a current Part 61 certificate and a flight review within the preceding 24 calendar months, complete the FAA initial online course and identity-validation process.
Карточка 194
Вопрос
What can a rapidly falling barometric pressure signal?
Ответ
Approaching poor weather or a developing storm system. It is a trend to investigate, not a go/no-go answer by itself.
Карточка 195
Вопрос
How should impulsivity be countered?
Ответ
Slow down long enough to identify the hazard, options, and safest next action.
Карточка 196
Вопрос
What is a National Security Area?
Ответ
Airspace where pilots are asked to avoid flight to protect sensitive ground facilities; a NOTAM may temporarily make avoidance mandatory.
Карточка 197
Вопрос
What should a remote pilot extract from tower transmissions?
Ответ
Identify the aircraft, its position or runway, direction, altitude when stated, and the controller's instruction or the pilot's intention. Use that traffic picture to remain clear; monitoring does not authorize the UAS or replace visual vigilance.
Карточка 198
Вопрос
How recent must Part 107 aeronautical knowledge be?
Ответ
The remote pilot must have completed an accepted initial or recurrent path within the preceding 24 calendar months.
Карточка 199
Вопрос
How does a strong headwind affect the return leg?
Ответ
It lowers groundspeed and increases the time and energy needed to return. Plan reserve for the worst expected leg, not the easy outbound leg.
Карточка 200
Вопрос
How should invulnerability be countered?
Ответ
Treat the hazard as personally relevant: the same failure can happen on this flight.
Карточка 201
Вопрос
How do stable and unstable air usually differ?
Ответ
Stable air favors smooth conditions, stratiform clouds, haze, and steady precipitation; unstable air favors turbulence, vertical clouds, and showery precipitation.
Карточка 202
Вопрос
Which current FAA recurrent courses serve Part 107 pilots?
Ответ
ALC-677 is available to Part 107 certificate holders generally; ALC-515 is the recurrent path for a qualifying current Part 61 pilot with a current flight review.
Карточка 203
Вопрос
What is a published VFR route?
Ответ
A charted route for moving around, under, or through complex airspace. It does not by itself authorize a Part 107 operation.
Карточка 204
Вопрос
What do red, green, and white position lights reveal about a crewed aircraft?
Ответ
Red marks its left side, green its right side, and white its tail. Use the pattern to judge direction; red on your right and green on your left can indicate that the aircraft is coming toward you.
Карточка 205
Вопрос
How should a macho attitude be countered?
Ответ
Reject the need to prove skill by taking risk; conservative choices demonstrate sound command.
Карточка 206
Вопрос
What is a temperature inversion?
Ответ
A layer where temperature increases with altitude. It is stable and can trap fog, haze, smoke, and pollutants near the surface.
Карточка 207
Вопрос
How long can full dark adaptation take?
Ответ
About 30 minutes in darkness. Bright light can undo it within seconds, so protect night vision before and during the operation.
Карточка 208
Вопрос
Does a current remote pilot retake the UAG test for routine recency?
Ответ
No. Current FAA recurrent training is completed online; the old recurrent knowledge-test model is obsolete.
Карточка 209
Вопрос
What counts toward the 55-pound small-UA limit?
Ответ
The aircraft and everything on board or attached at takeoff, including payload, guards, lights, and a Remote ID module.
Карточка 210
Вопрос
How soon may an applicant retake a failed Part 107 knowledge test?
Ответ
After 14 calendar days.
Карточка 211
Вопрос
How do source regions shape an air mass?
Ответ
The source region sets the air mass's basic temperature and moisture: continental air is dry, maritime air is moist, polar air is cold, and tropical air is warm.
Карточка 212
Вопрос
How should resignation be countered?
Ответ
Identify the actions and resources still available; the pilot can change the outcome.
Карточка 213
Вопрос
What happens 30 days after a permanent mailing-address change?
Ответ
The remote pilot may no longer exercise certificate privileges until the FAA has been notified of the new address.
Карточка 214
Вопрос
How can dehydration or heat stress affect a remote pilot?
Ответ
It can cause headache, cramps, dizziness, fatigue, poor concentration, and eventually collapse. Hydrate, cool down, and stop before judgment degrades.
Карточка 215
Вопрос
Why must NOTAMs be checked even with a current sectional?
Ответ
They carry time-critical changes such as TFRs, closures, outages, hazards, and procedures that may not appear on the chart.
Карточка 216
Вопрос
How can precipitation static affect a small UAS?
Ответ
Charge from rain, snow, fog, dust, or similar particles can interfere with radios, sensors, or the control link. Avoid the condition and follow the aircraft's limits rather than relying on recovery after interference starts.
Карточка 217
Вопрос
How long may a temporary remote pilot certificate remain effective?
Ответ
Up to 120 calendar days. It ends sooner at the earliest of its printed expiration date, receipt of the permanent certificate, or receipt of notice that the sought certificate is denied or revoked.
Карточка 218
Вопрос
What can follow cheating on a Part 107 knowledge test?
Ответ
For one year, the person is prohibited from applying for any FAA certificate, rating, or authorization and from applying for or taking any FAA test. A held certificate or rating may also be suspended or revoked.
Карточка 219
Вопрос
How can operational stress affect a remote pilot?
Ответ
It can narrow attention, cause fixation or haste, and degrade judgment. Reduce workload, pause and reassess, or delay or cancel the flight when stress compromises safe decisions.
Карточка 220
Вопрос
What do basic runway and taxiway light colors mean?
Ответ
Runway edge lights are normally white and taxiway edge lights blue. Threshold lights show green toward an arriving aircraft, while runway-end lights show red toward the runway.
Карточка 221
Вопрос
What should a pilot do when hyperventilating?
Ответ
Recognize the rapid breathing, consciously slow the breathing rate, speak or breathe deliberately, and stop the operation if normal function does not return.
Карточка 222
Вопрос
What should a night-flight contingency plan decide?
Ответ
How to stop or land safely after loss of required lighting, visual orientation, control link, or a safe view of traffic and obstacles. Preselect a suitable recovery area and brief the trigger for ending the flight.
Карточка 223
Вопрос
What does a narrowing temperature–dew point spread suggest?
Ответ
Air is approaching saturation, increasing the chance of fog, low clouds, dew, or precipitation.
Карточка 224
Вопрос
Does a remote pilot certificate itself expire?
Ответ
No, but its privileges require current aeronautical knowledge within the preceding 24 calendar months.
Карточка 225
Вопрос
How do mandatory-instruction and location signs differ?
Ответ
Mandatory-instruction signs have a red background with a white inscription. Location signs have a black background with a yellow inscription and border.
Карточка 226
Вопрос
What is LAANC used for?
Ответ
It is an FAA system for requesting near-real-time Part 107 airspace authorization at participating facilities, subject to the published altitude grid and operating conditions.
Карточка 227
Вопрос
How should a new medication be handled before flight?
Ответ
Do not assume over-the-counter means safe. Check the condition and medication effects, allow time to identify side effects, and avoid flying if judgment or alertness may be impaired.
Карточка 228
Вопрос
What must a Part 107 waiver applicant demonstrate?
Ответ
That the proposed operation can be conducted safely under the waiver's terms and conditions.
Карточка 229
Вопрос
How can fog form near the surface?
Ответ
When air cools to its dew point, moisture is added, or moist air moves over a colder surface. Light wind can help mix a shallow layer; strong wind may lift it into low stratus.
Карточка 230
Вопрос
What must be checked after attaching a payload?
Ответ
Total weight, center of gravity, security of attachment, control response, power demand, clearances, and any category or manufacturer limits.
Карточка 231
Вопрос
Why can fatigue be hard to self-detect?
Ответ
It reduces attention, coordination, communication, and judgment while also weakening the person's ability to recognize that decline.
Карточка 232
Вопрос
What do common obstruction-lighting systems look like at night?
Ответ
Aviation-red systems show red lights at night. Flashing-white systems use white lights, with reduced night intensity where applicable. Dual systems use white lights by day and red lights at night.
Карточка 233
Вопрос
Does a Part 107 waiver suspend every operating rule?
Ответ
No. It applies only to the specifically waived sections and remains subject to all listed conditions and limitations.
Карточка 234
Вопрос
Does an airspace authorization waive other Part 107 rules?
Ответ
No. It permits the specified controlled-airspace operation but does not waive altitude, VLOS, weather, TFR, airport-interference, or other requirements.
Карточка 235
Вопрос
How should a Part 107 crew handle laser activity or illumination?
Ответ
Avoid known or NOTAMed laser activity. If the remote pilot or control station is illuminated, look away, protect vision, and land or terminate if vision or control is affected. If you witness a laser illuminate any aircraft, record useful details and report the incident through the applicable FAA channel.
Карточка 236
Вопрос
How should a pilot scan for traffic and obstacles?
Ответ
Use short, overlapping visual sectors with brief pauses instead of one continuous sweep, and move the scan between near and far areas.
Карточка 237
Вопрос
How should a remote pilot look for a dim object at night?
Ответ
Look about 5° to 10° to one side instead of staring straight at it. Off-center viewing puts the image on rod-rich retina outside the central night blind spot.
Карточка 238
Вопрос
What is prohibited regarding Part 107 certificates, records, and reports?
Ответ
Fraudulent or intentionally false statements, reproduction for a fraudulent purpose, and alteration.
Карточка 239
Вопрос
What kinds of Part 107 rules may an FAA waiver address?
Ответ
Only the rules listed in §107.205: moving operations; night or civil-twilight anti-collision lighting; VLOS, visual-observer, and one-aircraft limits; yielding and flight over people or moving vehicles; controlled-airspace authorization; and §107.51 operating limits. Moving-operation and VLOS waivers can't authorize compensated carriage of another person's property.
Карточка 240
Вопрос
When may a drone fly over a person without using Category 1–4?
Ответ
When the person directly participates in the operation, or is under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle that provides reasonable protection from a falling drone.
Карточка 241
Вопрос
What changes should be expected near a front?
Ответ
Temperature, wind, moisture, clouds, and precipitation can change quickly across the boundary between air masses.
Карточка 242
Вопрос
What is the first concern when operating near an airport traffic pattern?
Ответ
Avoid interfering with crewed-aircraft operations and maintain awareness of arrivals, departures, and the published traffic pattern.
Карточка 243
Вопрос
Does an older manufacture date automatically bar a drone from Part 107 use?
Ответ
No. It may operate if it meets all current requirements that apply to the operation, including registration, Remote ID, condition, and any operations-over-people category.
Карточка 244
Вопрос
What is autokinesis?
Ответ
A stationary light can appear to move when stared at against a dark background. Shift the gaze and use other references instead of fixating.
Карточка 245
Вопрос
Does Part 107 set one universal stand-off distance from people?
Ответ
No. The remote PIC selects and adjusts a safe distance from the aircraft's path, speed, maneuverability, environment, people, likely failures, and emergency landing options.
Карточка 246
Вопрос
Why is a battery reserve part of performance planning?
Ответ
Wind, temperature, maneuvering, holding, and an alternate landing area can consume more energy than the nominal mission estimate.
Карточка 247
Вопрос
What makes a microburst dangerous near the surface?
Ответ
It is an intense, localized downdraft that spreads outward at the surface, producing rapid vertical and horizontal wind shear with little low-altitude recovery margin.
Карточка 248
Вопрос
What makes a drone eligible for Category 1 operations over people?
Ответ
It must weigh 0.55 pound or less throughout the operation, including attachments, and have no exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin.
Карточка 249
Вопрос
How do buildings and terrain affect low-level wind?
Ответ
They can create gusts, rotors, downdrafts, and turbulence downwind. The stronger the wind and larger the obstacle, the greater the hazard.
Карточка 250
Вопрос
Why should a small UAS stay clear of smoke-stack and cooling-tower plumes?
Ответ
Visible or invisible hot exhaust can create turbulence, vertical shear, reduced visibility, contamination, and icing. Stay clear—preferably upwind—because the plume's extent is hard to predict.
Карточка 251
Вопрос
What is a false-horizon illusion?
Ответ
Sloping clouds, terrain, or lights can be mistaken for the true horizon, leading to an incorrect attitude judgment.
Карточка 252
Вопрос
What should an operations-over-people contingency plan decide?
Ответ
When to stop, divert, or land away from people after lost link, component failure, an eligibility-changing configuration issue, or unexpected crowd movement—and who will call and execute that action.
Карточка 253
Вопрос
From where is Part 107 flight visibility measured?
Ответ
From the location of the control station, not from a nearby airport weather sensor.
Карточка 254
Вопрос
What injury threshold defines Category 2 eligibility?
Ответ
The aircraft must not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the severity caused by transferring 11 foot-pounds of kinetic energy upon impact from a rigid object. It must also meet the rule's rotating-part and safety-defect requirements.
Карточка 255
Вопрос
What is the baseline source for small-UAS maintenance?
Ответ
The current manufacturer or builder instructions, supplemented by the operator's inspection and maintenance program for the actual use and environment.
Карточка 256
Вопрос
Why is low-level wind shear dangerous to a small UAS?
Ответ
A rapid change in wind speed or direction can abruptly change airspeed, lift, attitude, and ground track close to obstacles or terrain.
Карточка 257
Вопрос
Why are guy wires a serious low-altitude hazard?
Ответ
They can extend far from a tower and remain nearly invisible even in good weather. Give towers and their support systems wide clearance.
Карточка 258
Вопрос
What injury threshold defines Category 3 eligibility?
Ответ
The aircraft must not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the severity caused by transferring 25 foot-pounds of kinetic energy upon impact from a rigid object. It must also meet the rule's rotating-part and safety-defect requirements.
Карточка 259
Вопрос
Which data controls an aircraft's exact loading limits?
Ответ
The current manufacturer or builder operating instructions and limitations for that aircraft and configuration.
Карточка 260
Вопрос
Who may perform maintenance on a Part 107 small UAS?
Ответ
Part 107 generally doesn't require an FAA mechanic certificate. Follow manufacturer-required personnel or use someone with suitable expertise; Category 4 separately requires the person to have the knowledge, skill, and appropriate equipment under §107.140(c).
Карточка 261
Вопрос
What makes a tornado a no-go hazard for a small UAS?
Ответ
It combines extreme, rapidly changing winds, violent vertical motion, debris, and an unpredictable path. Stay well clear of any tornado or tornado-producing storm; don't try to observe it from the air.
Карточка 262
Вопрос
What is the core requirement for Category 4 operations over people?
Ответ
The aircraft must have an FAA airworthiness certificate and be operated and maintained under its approved operating limitations.
Карточка 263
Вопрос
What should Category 2 or 3 remote-pilot operating instructions tell the pilot?
Ответ
They should describe the system and its limitations; eligible categories and required components; allowed modifications; and how to verify or change the applicable configuration or operating mode.
Карточка 264
Вопрос
Why can an unlighted structure be more hazardous at night?
Ответ
Its silhouette and support wires may disappear against the background. Chart review, site inspection, lighting checks, and conservative separation become more important.
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Вопрос
Why is hail a no-go hazard for a small UAS?
Ответ
It can damage propellers, rotors, sensors, antennas, batteries, and the airframe, while nearby convective turbulence and downdrafts can overwhelm control. Avoid any storm producing or forecast to produce hail.
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Вопрос
What performance check follows a repair or configuration change?
Ответ
Verify weight, balance, control response, power, links, sensors, and expected endurance in a safe environment before returning to the planned mission.
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Вопрос
When may a Category 2 or 3 drone carry an optional component or payload?
Ответ
Only when the remote pilot operating instructions allow that component, payload, or modification for the declared configuration. It must remain securely attached and within every listed limitation.
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Вопрос
What is the Part 107 response to an emergency airborne inspection of another aircraft?
Ответ
Stay clear and yield; don't improvise a close pass. Proximity, wake or downwash, stress, communications, separation, and escape-path risks can endanger both aircraft.
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Вопрос
Why should a small UAS avoid lightning activity?
Ответ
A strike or nearby electrical discharge can damage electronics, interrupt navigation or control links, and injure people on the ground. Stay clear of thunderstorms and land or delay when lightning threatens the operating area.
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Вопрос
For Part 107 Category 1, 2, or 4 sustained flight over an open-air assembly, which Remote ID methods qualify, and what is the Category 3 rule?
Ответ
Use either a Standard Remote ID aircraft that meets §89.110 or a broadcast-module operation that meets §89.115(a). A nonbroadcast FRIA operation under §89.115(b) does not qualify, and Category 3 operations over an open-air assembly are prohibited.
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Вопрос
How do an operations-over-people MOC and DOC differ?
Ответ
An MOC is the FAA-accepted test, analysis, or inspection method. A DOC identifies that MOC and attests that the declared aircraft or configuration meets the applicable Category 2 or 3 and safety-defect requirements.
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Вопрос
Why must frost or structural icing be removed before flight?
Ответ
It disrupts airflow, reduces lift, adds weight, increases drag, and can degrade propeller or control-surface performance.
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Вопрос
What hazards peak in a mature thunderstorm?
Ответ
Strong updrafts and downdrafts, severe turbulence, gust fronts, microbursts, hail, lightning, heavy rain, and possible tornadoes. Avoid the storm rather than trying to judge a safe path through it.
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Вопрос
Where may a Category 3 drone operate over people?
Ответ
At a closed or restricted-access site with notice to entrants, or without sustained flight over people except for participants or people protected by a structure or stationary vehicle.
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Вопрос
What maintenance records are required for Category 4?
Ответ
Record the work, date, and person for one year or until the work is repeated or superseded. Retain life-limited-part, inspection, and airworthiness-directive status and transfer those status records with the aircraft.
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Вопрос
What should the remote PIC evaluate when selecting an area for operations over people?
Ответ
Evaluate people, moving vehicles and vessels; terrain and structures; the planned path, aircraft performance, and maneuverability; weather; likely failures, escape routes, and emergency landing options; and the pilot's familiarity with the site. Reassess as conditions change.
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Вопрос
When may a Category 4 drone operate over people inside moving vehicles?
Ответ
Only when the aircraft has the required airworthiness certificate and its operating limitations don't prohibit operations over people inside moving vehicles.
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Вопрос
How can a modification affect operations-over-people eligibility?
Ответ
A change to weight, structure, rotating parts, software, or required components can invalidate the demonstrated category unless the current approval and instructions cover that configuration.
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Вопрос
Are maintenance records useful when Part 107 doesn't require Category 4 records?
Ответ
Yes. FAA guidance recommends logging inspections, repairs, alterations, software changes, component time, and return-to-service checks. Category 4 has a separate mandatory record system.
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Вопрос
What must be satisfied for a Part 107 operation over people at night?
Ответ
Both the applicable Subpart D category rules and §107.29 night rules must be met. The remote PIC needs the applicable night knowledge or training, and the aircraft must stay in an eligible configuration with any operating instructions followed and an anti-collision light visible for at least 3 statute miles with a sufficient flash rate.
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Вопрос
How long must Category 2 or 3 MOC and DOC support records be kept?
Ответ
A DOC producer keeps supporting data for two years after production ends; a designer or modifier keeps it for two years after submitting the DOC. An MOC submitter keeps its description and justification while the MOC remains FAA-accepted.
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Вопрос
What must the remote PIC check on a Category 2 or 3 aircraft?
Ответ
The required category label, FAA-accepted Declaration of Compliance listing, current operating instructions, required components, and condition for safe operation.
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Вопрос
When may a Category 1, 2, or 3 drone operate over moving vehicles?
Ответ
At a closed- or restricted-access site where everyone inside a moving vehicle is on notice, or when the aircraft does not maintain sustained flight over moving vehicles. A brief, one-time transit can be incidental; hovering, circling, or repeated back-and-forth passes are sustained flight.
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Вопрос
May a drone qualify for more than one operations-over-people category?
Ответ
Yes, but it must not be able to switch inadvertently into a configuration that fails the category being used.
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Вопрос
Who becomes the applicant for a self-built or materially modified Category 2 or 3 drone?
Ответ
The person who produces, designs, builds from separate components, or makes an eligibility-changing modification. Before Category 2 or 3 operations, that applicant must show compliance through an FAA-accepted MOC and submit a new DOC.
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Вопрос
What should follow maintenance before a normal mission?
Ответ
Document the work as appropriate, inspect the aircraft, verify correct assembly and software settings, and perform a controlled functional check.
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