FAA Part 107 Flashcards: Remote Pilot Knowledge Test Review
Review the current FAA Part 107 knowledge areas with concise recall, practical scenarios, airspace and weather interpretation, operating limits, and recency rules.
关于这套卡组
Prepare for the FAA Remote Pilot knowledge test and keep core Part 107 decisions fresh. These 286 independently written cards cover every current ACS knowledge area, moving from foundational rules into airspace, weather reports, aircraft loading and performance, airport awareness, emergencies, operations over people, Remote ID, aeronautical decision-making, maintenance, and recurrent knowledge.
The cards practice rule-to-action, cue-to-meaning, code-to-interpretation, and short scenario-to-decision recall. Most prompts isolate one fact or decision; a few compact sets cover material learners naturally recall together, such as phonetic-alphabet chunks and radio phraseology. Unhelpful reverse variants and chart-dependent problems are excluded. The deterministic sequence teaches prerequisites before dependent ideas, interleaves the five public groups, and separates confusing variants. Initial certification and recurrent training are treated as separate paths, with current requirements reviewed against official sources on August 25, 2026. FAA-S-ACS-10B remains the current indexed topic guide; the current UAG Applicant Information Bulletin governs test distribution.
License scope: “Common knowledge · CC0 1.0” applies only to this deck’s independently written prompts, answers, examples, organization, and metadata, to the extent rights exist. It does not claim ownership of facts, laws, FAA names or publications, third-party marks, or source material.
Independent and unofficial; not affiliated with, endorsed by, or produced by the FAA, DOT, PSI, or any testing provider. No FAA or competitor test questions, answer choices, commercial-deck text, charts, logos, or third-party media were copied. Regulatory definitions and rules were independently condensed and may retain legally necessary terminology. Verify current requirements with the FAA certification path, Remote Pilot ACS, current UAG Applicant Information Bulletin, FAA study guide, and 14 CFR Part 107.
这套卡组中的卡片
卡片 1
问题
When does 14 CFR Part 107 generally apply?
答案
It generally applies to civil operations of small unmanned aircraft in the United States that are not conducted under another authority, such as the limited recreational exception.
卡片 2
问题
Who must receive the preflight operating briefing?
答案
Everyone directly participating in the operation, including visual observers and people manipulating the controls. Cover conditions, roles, hazards, and normal and emergency procedures.
卡片 3
问题
What is controlled airspace?
答案
Airspace of defined dimensions where ATC service is provided according to the airspace classification. For Part 107, authorization depends on the specific class and area.
卡片 4
问题
What is the basic difference between a weather observation and a forecast?
答案
An observation reports conditions that exist now at a location; a forecast predicts conditions for a future period and area.
卡片 5
问题
What is a small unmanned aircraft under Part 107?
答案
An unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds at takeoff, including everything on board or attached.
卡片 6
问题
What site conditions belong in a preflight assessment?
答案
Weather, airspace, restrictions, people, moving vehicles, wildlife, structures, wires, launch and recovery areas, lighting, interference, and alternate landing areas.
卡片 7
问题
Does being below maximum takeoff weight guarantee a safe takeoff?
答案
No. Elevation, temperature, humidity, wind, launch area, obstacles, battery condition, and aircraft limits may require a lower weight.
卡片 8
问题
What is the typical shape and purpose of Class B airspace?
答案
Individually tailored layers around the nation's busiest airports, often resembling an upside-down wedding cake. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
卡片 9
问题
What control-link checks belong before takeoff?
答案
Verify pairing, command response, antenna and frequency setup, interference risk, lost-link behavior, range needs, and crew communication.
卡片 10
问题
What does a small unmanned aircraft system include?
答案
The aircraft plus the communication links and components needed to control it safely and efficiently.
卡片 11
问题
What does a METAR report?
答案
Current surface weather at an airport or reporting station in a standard coded format.
卡片 12
问题
When must a remote PIC be designated?
答案
Before or during the flight. Every Part 107 operation must have a designated remote pilot in command.
卡片 13
问题
What power and attachment checks belong before takeoff?
答案
Confirm adequate battery or fuel, secure installation, correct payload and guards, unobstructed sensors and moving parts, and the intended configuration.
卡片 14
问题
How does excess weight usually affect aircraft performance?
答案
It reduces climb, ceiling, range, endurance, and maneuverability while increasing power demand and structural load.
卡片 15
问题
Who has final authority for a Part 107 operation?
答案
The designated remote PIC. That person is directly responsible for the operation and must ensure it complies with applicable rules.
卡片 16
问题
What airport environment usually has Class C airspace?
答案
An airport with an operating tower, radar approach control, and qualifying traffic volume. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
卡片 17
问题
What makes crew communication effective?
答案
Agreed roles, plain callouts, immediate hazard reports, acknowledgment of critical instructions, and a clear transfer-of-control procedure.
卡片 18
问题
What is a SPECI?
答案
An unscheduled special surface-weather report issued when significant conditions change or other criteria are met.
卡片 19
问题
May a noncertificated person manipulate the controls?
答案
Yes, under the direct supervision of a qualified remote PIC who can immediately take direct control.
卡片 20
问题
Does using a visual observer transfer remote-PIC responsibility?
答案
No. The visual observer supports awareness, while the remote PIC remains responsible and must ensure effective coordination.
卡片 21
问题
What condition must the small UAS be in before flight?
答案
A condition for safe operation. The remote PIC must inspect it before each flight and stop if a known condition would make the operation unsafe.
卡片 22
问题
What airport environment usually has Class D airspace?
答案
Airspace around an airport with an operating control tower. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
卡片 23
问题
What does a TAF provide?
答案
A forecast for the area within roughly 5 statute miles of an airport during its stated valid period.
卡片 24
问题
How should a remote PIC build a current internet weather briefing?
答案
Cross-check current observations, forecasts, hazard advisories, and graphical products for the operation's place and time. Use current FAA/NWS or Flight Service sources and check each product's issue and valid times.
卡片 25
问题
What is the remote PIC's role when automation flies the route?
答案
Continuously monitor the aircraft, environment, control link, and automation mode, and remain ready to intervene before safety margins disappear.
卡片 26
问题
When must a crewmember decline a Part 107 role for medical reasons?
答案
When a physical or mental condition would interfere with safe operation of the small UAS.
卡片 27
问题
Why must in-flight weight changes be planned?
答案
Releasing payload or consuming fuel can improve some performance while shifting the center of gravity and changing control response.
卡片 28
问题
When does Class E airspace require Part 107 authorization?
答案
When it is the surface area designated for an airport. Other Class E airspace does not generally require Part 107 authorization.
卡片 29
问题
What may the FAA inspect from a Part 107 operator?
答案
The remote pilot certificate, identification, registration, required records, the small UAS, and information or tests needed to determine compliance.
卡片 30
问题
What should a lost-link plan decide before flight?
答案
The aircraft's automatic action, route and altitude, timeout, recovery area, crew callouts, and point at which the flight will be terminated safely.
卡片 31
问题
What do ASOS and AWOS provide?
答案
Automated surface weather observations. Their data are useful but still represent conditions at the sensor location.
卡片 32
问题
How must a remote PIC carry the certificate during an operation?
答案
The remote pilot certificate and identification must be in the person's physical possession and readily accessible.
卡片 33
问题
What is the first priority during a flyaway?
答案
Protect people and other aircraft: warn the crew, track the aircraft if possible, assess airspace and trajectory, and notify appropriate authorities when needed.
卡片 34
问题
What is Class G airspace?
答案
Uncontrolled airspace from the surface to the base of overlying controlled airspace. Part 107 does not require ATC authorization solely because the operation is in Class G.
卡片 35
问题
Does a Part 107 drone at or below 0.55 pound need registration?
答案
Yes. The weight-based registration exception applies only when the aircraft is flown exclusively under the limited recreational exception.
卡片 36
问题
What should a remote PIC do after unexpected GPS loss?
答案
Use the aircraft's known non-GPS control mode or contingency procedure, stabilize or land promptly, and avoid relying on automation that needs valid position data.
卡片 37
问题
What is the center of gravity?
答案
The point at which the aircraft's total weight can be considered concentrated.
卡片 38
问题
What does the four-letter group after METAR identify?
答案
The reporting station's ICAO identifier, such as a K-prefixed identifier in the contiguous United States.
卡片 39
问题
How are aircraft registered for Part 107 operations?
答案
Each aircraft is registered separately and receives its own registration number.
卡片 40
问题
What should be done with a swollen, damaged, or overheating lithium battery?
答案
Do not fly or charge it. Isolate it safely and follow the manufacturer and hazardous-material handling guidance.
卡片 41
问题
Why is Class A not a normal Part 107 operating environment?
答案
Class A begins at 18,000 feet MSL, far above ordinary Part 107 altitude limits.
卡片 42
问题
How long is a Part 48 registration certificate valid?
答案
Three years. Renewal verification may occur at any time within the six months preceding the month in which the certificate expires.
卡片 43
问题
How is a METAR time group decoded?
答案
The first two digits are the day of the month and the next four are UTC time; Z means Zulu, or UTC.
卡片 44
问题
What is the safest basic lithium-battery charging practice?
答案
Use compatible equipment on a nonflammable surface, monitor the charge, control temperature, and keep a suitable response plan nearby.
卡片 45
问题
When must Part 48 registration information be updated or canceled?
答案
Within 14 calendar days after an applicable change, destruction, transfer, export, or end of eligibility.
卡片 46
问题
What registration document must be available during a Part 107 flight?
答案
The aircraft's FAA registration certificate, as a paper or digital copy. Anyone operating the drone must have it in their possession while flying.
卡片 47
问题
What moves an aircraft's center of gravity?
答案
Changing where weight is placed, attached, shifted, or released.
卡片 48
问题
What is the NAS, and what is ATC’s role within it?
答案
The National Airspace System integrates U.S. airspace, facilities, services, rules, and people. ATC promotes a safe, orderly traffic flow and helps prevent collisions, but it doesn't replace the remote PIC's Part 107 or see-and-avoid duties.
卡片 49
问题
What makes an emergency plan useful?
答案
Specific triggers, immediate actions, crew callouts, safe landing areas, emergency contacts, and aircraft-specific procedures that the crew has reviewed before flight.
卡片 50
问题
How is a Class B boundary shown on a sectional chart?
答案
With solid blue lines. The charted altitude figures define the shelves and limits.
卡片 51
问题
What is the first response to a lithium-battery fire?
答案
Move people away, call emergency services as needed, follow the site and battery response plan, and use a suitable extinguisher only if trained. Damaged cells can reignite, so keep monitoring from a safe position.
卡片 52
问题
How must a Part 48 registration number appear on a drone?
答案
Legibly displayed, affixed, and visible on an external surface of the aircraft.
卡片 53
问题
How is 22012KT decoded in a weather report?
答案
Wind is from 220 degrees true at 12 knots.
卡片 54
问题
What recurring factors contribute to many small-UAS accidents?
答案
Weak planning, loss of control, failure to detect or yield to other aircraft, and poor judgment or decision-making. Careful planning, continuous control, traffic scanning, and conservative decisions reduce those risks.
卡片 55
问题
Which drones must follow Remote ID operating rules?
答案
Unmanned aircraft that are registered or required to be registered, unless a specific Part 89 exception or authorization applies.
卡片 56
问题
What is the Part 107 maximum groundspeed?
答案
87 knots, which is 100 miles per hour.
卡片 57
问题
How is a Class C boundary shown on a sectional chart?
答案
With solid magenta lines.
卡片 58
问题
What are the three ordinary ways to comply with Remote ID?
答案
Operate a Standard Remote ID drone, use an FAA-compliant broadcast module, or fly a nonbroadcasting drone entirely within a FRIA under its conditions.
卡片 59
问题
What is the normal Part 107 altitude limit?
答案
400 feet above ground level.
卡片 60
问题
What does 18010G18KT mean?
答案
Wind from 180 degrees true at 10 knots, gusting to 18 knots.
卡片 61
问题
How should spare lithium batteries be transported safely?
答案
Inspect them, protect the terminals from short circuit, and pack them against movement or damage. Don't transport a battery that is swollen, damaged, overheating, or subject to a safety recall unless it has been made safe under the applicable transport rules.
卡片 62
问题
What should a pilot do if the loaded CG is outside approved limits?
答案
Do not fly. Relocate or remove weight until the aircraft remains within limits for the entire operation.
卡片 63
问题
What information does Standard Remote ID broadcast?
答案
Aircraft identity; the drone's position, geometric altitude, and velocity; the control station's position and geometric altitude; a UTC time mark; and the aircraft's emergency status.
卡片 64
问题
How is a Class D boundary shown on a sectional chart?
答案
With a dashed blue line.
卡片 65
问题
What altitude exception applies near a structure?
答案
Within 400 feet horizontally of a structure, the drone may fly up to 400 feet above the structure's uppermost limit, subject to airspace and other rules.
卡片 66
问题
What are the basic Part 107 visibility and cloud clearances?
答案
At least 3 statute miles of flight visibility from the control station, 500 feet below clouds, and 2,000 feet horizontally from clouds.
卡片 67
问题
What location replaces the control-station location in a broadcast-module message?
答案
The aircraft's takeoff location and geometric altitude. The module also broadcasts its serial number and the aircraft's position, altitude, velocity, and time mark.
卡片 68
问题
What must visual line of sight let the crew determine?
答案
The aircraft's location, attitude, altitude, direction, nearby traffic and hazards, and whether it remains safe to operate.
卡片 69
问题
How is a Class E surface area shown on a sectional chart?
答案
With a dashed magenta line. A Part 107 operation inside its lateral boundary needs prior authorization.
卡片 70
问题
What does 2SM mean in a METAR?
答案
Prevailing visibility is 2 statute miles, below Part 107's normal 3-statute-mile minimum.
卡片 71
问题
What must the person manipulating the controls do if Standard Remote ID or a broadcast module stops broadcasting in flight?
答案
Land the aircraft as soon as practicable.
卡片 72
问题
Why can a payload mounted off center be hazardous?
答案
It creates an unbalanced moment, increases control effort, and may leave too little control authority to resist wind or recover from a disturbance.
卡片 73
问题
May corrective lenses be used to maintain visual line of sight?
答案
Yes. Vision must otherwise be unaided by devices such as binoculars.
卡片 74
问题
What extra operating limit comes with a Remote ID broadcast module?
答案
The person manipulating the controls must be able to see the aircraft at all times throughout the operation.
卡片 75
问题
For METAR weather that accepts an intensity qualifier, what do
-,+, and no sign mean?答案
-means light,+means heavy, and no sign means moderate. Apply that rule only to weather phenomena that use intensity qualifiers.卡片 76
问题
What communication must a visual observer maintain?
答案
Effective communication with the remote PIC and the person manipulating the controls so traffic and hazards can be shared promptly.
卡片 77
问题
What does a shaded magenta Class E boundary usually indicate?
答案
Class E begins at 700 feet AGL on the faded side of the boundary.
卡片 78
问题
What conditions apply to a non-Remote-ID flight in a FRIA?
答案
Both the aircraft and the person manipulating the controls must remain within the FRIA boundaries, and that person must see the aircraft throughout the flight.
卡片 79
问题
How many drones may one person serve at once under Part 107?
答案
One. A person may not manipulate controls, serve as remote PIC, or serve as visual observer for more than one operation at the same time.
卡片 80
问题
How do FEW, SCT, BKN, and OVC differ?
答案
FEW is more than 0 through 2/8 sky cover; SCT is 3/8–4/8; BKN is 5/8–7/8; and OVC is 8/8.
卡片 81
问题
What can a weather chart or graphical product tell you—and what can't it?
答案
It shows the broad location, movement, or forecast extent of weather. Its valid time, scale, symbols, and resolution limit it, so it doesn't replace current site-specific reports, forecasts, and advisories.
卡片 82
问题
What is aircraft stability?
答案
The inherent tendency to resist a disturbance or return toward the original flight condition.
卡片 83
问题
What Remote ID detail belongs in a Part 107 registration record?
答案
The serial number of the Standard Remote ID aircraft or the broadcast module used for that registered device.
卡片 84
问题
Which aircraft have right of way over a small UAS?
答案
All aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch or reentry vehicles. The small UAS must yield and must not create a collision hazard.
卡片 85
问题
What does a shaded blue Class E boundary usually indicate?
答案
Class E begins at 1,200 feet AGL on the faded side of the boundary.
卡片 86
问题
Can ADS-B Out satisfy Remote ID?
答案
No. Part 89 expressly rejects ADS-B Out as a means of Remote ID compliance.
卡片 87
问题
May a Part 107 small UAS carry hazardous material?
答案
No. Part 107 prohibits carrying hazardous material as defined by federal hazardous-materials law.
卡片 88
问题
Which reported cloud layers form a ceiling?
答案
The lowest broken or overcast layer, or vertical visibility into an obscuration. Few and scattered layers are not ceilings.
卡片 89
问题
Why must a remote pilot distinguish MSL from AGL?
答案
MSL measures altitude from mean sea level, while AGL measures height above the local surface. Sectional airspace limits commonly use MSL; Part 107's normal height limit uses AGL.
卡片 90
问题
What conduct does Part 107 prohibit as hazardous operation?
答案
Careless or reckless operation that endangers another person's life or property, and dropping an object in a way that creates an undue hazard.
卡片 91
问题
When may the FAA authorize a Remote ID deviation?
答案
For an operation conducted solely for aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations, or under another specific FAA authorization.
卡片 92
问题
Why can a small-UAS radio link fail even within visual range?
答案
Shared-band interference, barriers, antenna orientation, distance, or terrain can weaken a line-of-sight RF link. Check the site and link before flight, stay within manufacturer limits, and follow the lost-link plan.
卡片 93
问题
What is CTAF?
答案
The Common Traffic Advisory Frequency used for airport advisory practices at an airport without an operating control tower.
卡片 94
问题
What is maneuverability?
答案
The aircraft's ability to change attitude or flightpath and withstand the loads created by those maneuvers.
卡片 95
问题
May a small UAS be operated from a moving aircraft?
答案
No.
卡片 96
问题
How do UNICOM and MULTICOM differ?
答案
UNICOM is a nongovernment air-ground station that may provide airport information; MULTICOM is a common self-announce frequency used where no tower, FSS, or UNICOM is available.
卡片 97
问题
Who may apply to establish a FRIA?
答案
An FAA-recognized community-based organization or an educational institution. An individual pilot cannot establish one alone.
卡片 98
问题
How is BKN015 decoded?
答案
A broken cloud layer with a base 1,500 feet AGL.
卡片 99
问题
How are sectional airspace altitudes commonly written?
答案
In hundreds of feet MSL, with the ceiling above the floor. A floor marked SFC begins at the surface.
卡片 100
问题
When may a small UAS be operated from a moving land or water vehicle?
答案
Only over a sparsely populated area, and not while transporting another person's property for compensation or hire.
卡片 101
问题
What does ATIS provide?
答案
A repeating broadcast of current local weather and important noncontrol airport information, identified by a letter code that changes with updates.
卡片 102
问题
What does “November” followed by letters or numbers identify in a traffic call?
答案
A U.S. civil aircraft registration used as its call sign. Decode the remaining characters with standard digits and the aviation phonetic alphabet.
卡片 103
问题
What must a foreign-registered drone obtain before U.S. Remote ID operations?
答案
The operator must file the required Notice of Identification and receive an FAA Confirmation of Identification before operating in the United States.
卡片 104
问题
What alcohol limits apply to a Part 107 crewmember?
答案
No duty within 8 hours after drinking, while under the influence, or with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 percent or more.
卡片 105
问题
How is M02/M05 decoded?
答案
Temperature minus 2 degrees Celsius and dew point minus 5 degrees Celsius.
卡片 106
问题
Must a Part 107 pilot routinely transmit on aviation radio near an airport?
答案
No. Monitoring the correct frequency can improve awareness, but it does not replace visual vigilance or create a general transmission requirement.
卡片 107
问题
What are A–I in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
答案
Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India.
卡片 108
问题
What extra §107.29 conditions apply in ordinary daylight?
答案
None solely because it is daylight. The night-knowledge and three-statute-mile anti-collision-light conditions in §107.29 do not apply, but every other applicable Part 107 requirement still does.
卡片 109
问题
What does a blue versus magenta airport symbol usually tell you?
答案
Blue generally identifies an airport with an operating control tower; magenta generally identifies a nontowered airport.
卡片 110
问题
What Remote ID label should an operator verify?
答案
A Standard Remote ID aircraft or broadcast module must carry the producer's legible, prominent, permanently affixed English label stating that it meets Part 89.
卡片 111
问题
Does ordinary license-free drone-control equipment need an individual FCC operator license?
答案
No, provided FCC-authorized equipment is used within the conditions of its license-free radio service. Equipment authorization applies to the device; other frequencies or radio services may require an individual operator or station license.
卡片 112
问题
May a crewmember use a drug that impairs safe operation?
答案
No. A person may not participate while using a drug that affects their faculties contrary to safety.
卡片 113
问题
What is Local Airport Advisory service?
答案
It is an FSS advisory service available only in Alaska, within 10 statute miles of an airport where the tower isn't operating and an FSS is located on the airport. Check the current Alaska Chart Supplement for availability.
卡片 114
问题
What is controllability?
答案
The aircraft's ability to respond to control inputs, regardless of how inherently stable it is.
卡片 115
问题
What knowledge prerequisite applies to Part 107 night operations?
答案
The remote PIC must have completed an initial knowledge test or training, as applicable under §107.65, after April 6, 2021. Applicable training may be initial Part 61 training or recurrent training.
卡片 116
问题
How is A2992 decoded in a METAR?
答案
An altimeter setting of 29.92 inches of mercury.
卡片 117
问题
How should a remote pilot treat a towered airport when its control tower is closed?
答案
Treat it as an airport without an operating tower: check the published CTAF and procedures, monitor traffic, and rely on see-and-avoid rather than tower control.
卡片 118
问题
What does a crewed-aircraft self-announcement normally communicate?
答案
The aircraft identity, airport, position, altitude when useful, and intentions. Use that information to project the traffic path; Part 107 doesn't create a routine transmit requirement.
卡片 119
问题
What is a prohibited area?
答案
Airspace where flight is prohibited for security or national-welfare reasons unless the responsible agency authorizes it.
卡片 120
问题
What lighting is required for a Part 107 night flight?
答案
Anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles, with a flash rate sufficient to avoid a collision.
卡片 121
问题
What relationship holds in steady, level flight?
答案
Lift equals weight. If available lift becomes insufficient for the weight and conditions, altitude cannot be maintained.
卡片 122
问题
What Remote ID check is required before takeoff with a broadcast module?
答案
The person manipulating the controls must ensure the module is functioning as required by Part 89 before takeoff.
卡片 123
问题
Why should a remote pilot understand the traffic pattern?
答案
It predicts where crewed aircraft are likely to climb, descend, turn, and approach, helping the small UAS remain clear.
卡片 124
问题
What are J–R in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
答案
Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo.
卡片 125
问题
What certificate consequences can follow prohibited drug or alcohol conduct?
答案
The FAA may deny an application for up to one year or suspend or revoke a certificate. Refusing a qualifying alcohol test or refusing to release requested results can trigger the same consequences.
卡片 126
问题
What does RMK introduce in a METAR?
答案
The remarks section, which can add sensor, pressure, lightning, visibility, and other details.
卡片 127
问题
May anti-collision lighting be dimmed at night?
答案
Its intensity may be reduced when necessary for safety, but it may not be extinguished during the operation.
卡片 128
问题
What is a restricted area?
答案
Airspace containing unusual, often invisible hazards such as artillery or missile activity. A Part 107 operation requires permission from the using or controlling agency, as applicable.
卡片 129
问题
Which sources provide current airport operating data?
答案
The sectional chart, Chart Supplement, current NOTAMs, and local broadcasts such as ATIS, ASOS, or AWOS.
卡片 130
问题
Why do heliports and seaplane bases need separate traffic awareness?
答案
Their traffic may use water, pads, or routes that don't match a runway pattern. Identify the facility on current charts and airport data, then watch for low or unexpected arrivals and departures.
卡片 131
问题
What is a warning area?
答案
Airspace extending from 3 nautical miles outward from the U.S. coast that warns of potentially hazardous activity where the United States lacks sole jurisdiction.
卡片 132
问题
What is civil twilight for Part 107 outside Alaska?
答案
The 30 minutes before official sunrise and the 30 minutes after official sunset. During civil twilight, the aircraft must have an anti-collision light visible for at least 3 statute miles with a flash rate sufficient to avoid collision; its intensity may be reduced, but not extinguished, when safety requires.
卡片 133
问题
How is a runway number derived?
答案
From the runway's magnetic direction rounded to the nearest 10 degrees, with the final zero omitted.
卡片 134
问题
How far may a remote PIC deviate during an in-flight emergency?
答案
Only as far as necessary to address that emergency.
卡片 135
问题
How is the TAF valid period 2512/2618 decoded?
答案
From 1200 UTC on the 25th until 1800 UTC on the 26th.
卡片 136
问题
When is an emergency-deviation report required?
答案
Only when the FAA requests one. The remote PIC must then provide a written report.
卡片 137
问题
What do hold-position markings protect?
答案
They mark a boundary that aircraft and vehicles must not cross without the required clearance or authorization, protecting an active runway or other controlled surface.
卡片 138
问题
What are S–Z in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
答案
Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, Xray, Yankee, Zulu.
卡片 139
问题
What is load factor?
答案
The ratio of the aerodynamic load supported by the aircraft to its weight, expressed in Gs.
卡片 140
问题
What should a remote pilot get from the current Chart Supplement?
答案
Airport and runway details, lighting, communications, weather sources, notices, procedures, and other data that aren't readily shown graphically. The FAA issues the Chart Supplement every 56 days, so use the current edition.
卡片 141
问题
Which Part 107 accidents require an FAA report?
答案
Within 10 calendar days, report an operation causing serious injury or loss of consciousness, or qualifying damage to property other than the drone above the $500 threshold.
卡片 142
问题
What is the purpose of a military operations area?
答案
To separate specified military training activity from IFR traffic. Other pilots should check its status and exercise extreme caution.
卡片 143
问题
How do hazard and risk differ?
答案
A hazard is a condition that can cause harm; risk is the assessed likelihood and severity of that harm in the planned operation.
卡片 144
问题
How can a remote pilot obtain a current established NOTAM?
答案
Use FAA NOTAM Search or request it through Flight Service's current online or telephone briefing channels. Confirm the location, effective period, and any later change before flight.
卡片 145
问题
What does SIDA mean at an airport?
答案
Security Identification Display Area—a limited-access area that requires authorization and proper displayed identification. Don't enter if you aren't authorized; ask the airport authority when the boundary is unclear.
卡片 146
问题
What does FM mark in a TAF?
答案
A rapid, lasting change beginning at the stated time, after which the new forecast conditions apply.
卡片 147
问题
Which controlled airspace needs prior Part 107 authorization?
答案
Class B, C, and D airspace, plus the lateral boundaries of Class E surface areas designated for an airport.
卡片 148
问题
What does PAVE organize?
答案
Preflight risk into Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, and External pressures.
卡片 149
问题
What load factor occurs in a coordinated 60-degree level turn?
答案
2 G. The aircraft must produce lift equal to twice its weight to hold altitude.
卡片 150
问题
What rule applies near any airport without controlled-airspace authorization requirements?
答案
The operation still may not interfere with airport traffic patterns or operations.
卡片 151
问题
How does traffic awareness differ with an operating tower versus a closed or nontowered airport?
答案
With an operating tower, monitor its published frequency and use the traffic picture it provides. When the tower is closed or absent, use the published CTAF and nontowered procedures. Monitoring never authorizes the UAS or replaces visual vigilance and other Part 107 duties.
卡片 152
问题
What does an alert area signal?
答案
A high volume of pilot training or unusual aerial activity. All pilots remain responsible for collision avoidance.
卡片 153
问题
What does IMSAFE check?
答案
Personal fitness through Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, and Emotion.
卡片 154
问题
How do TEMPO and PROB30 differ in a TAF?
答案
TEMPO describes temporary fluctuations during a period; PROB30 gives a 30 percent probability of specified conditions during its period.
卡片 155
问题
What is needed to enter prohibited or restricted airspace?
答案
Permission from the using or controlling agency, as applicable, in addition to compliance with other requirements.
卡片 156
问题
How are altitude, direction, speed, and time normally spoken on aviation radio?
答案
Use distinct digits and the standard label: 12,500 is “one two thousand five hundred”; heading 270 is “heading two seven zero”; 15 knots is “one five knots”; 0930 UTC is “zero niner three zero Zulu.”
卡片 157
问题
What are the three steps of the 3P model?
答案
Perceive hazards, Process their effect on safety, and Perform the best risk control. Repeat as conditions change.
卡片 158
问题
What must a remote PIC do about a temporary flight restriction?
答案
Check current NOTAMs before flight and comply with the TFR unless specifically authorized otherwise.
卡片 159
问题
For §107.9 reporting, what counts as a serious injury?
答案
An injury at Abbreviated Injury Scale Level 3 or higher. Loss of consciousness remains a separate reporting trigger even without that injury classification.
卡片 160
问题
Why is a controlled firing area not charted?
答案
Its hazardous activity must stop when a spotter, radar, or lookout detects an approaching aircraft, so nonparticipating aircraft need not reroute around it.
卡片 161
问题
What are the legs and normal turn direction of a standard airport traffic pattern?
答案
Departure, upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, and final approach are distinct components; upwind is not another name for departure. Standard traffic uses left turns unless airport markings or current publications specify otherwise.
卡片 162
问题
What does a Convective SIGMET warn about?
答案
Significant convective hazards such as severe, embedded, or organized thunderstorms, including qualifying hail, wind, or tornado risk.
卡片 163
问题
How do CARE and TEAM support a risk decision?
答案
CARE processes Consequences, Alternatives, Reality, and External factors; TEAM chooses to Transfer, Eliminate, Accept, or Mitigate the risk.
卡片 164
问题
What must preflight familiarization cover?
答案
Local weather, airspace and restrictions, people and property, ground hazards, crew roles, control links, power, attachments, and the aircraft's condition.
卡片 165
问题
What night-lighting check belongs in the preflight inspection?
答案
Verify that the required anti-collision light works, is positioned and rated to remain visible for at least 3 statute miles, and has enough power for the planned flight and landing.
卡片 166
问题
How does increased load factor affect fixed-wing stall speed?
答案
Stall speed rises with the square root of load factor, so steep or abrupt maneuvers can cause a stall at a higher airspeed.
卡片 167
问题
What does an MTR identifier reveal?
答案
IR denotes an IFR route, and VR denotes a VFR route. Four digits mean no route segment is above 1,500 feet AGL, while three digits mean at least one segment is above 1,500 feet AGL; a trailing letter may identify an alternate route. Expect fast, low-altitude military traffic.
卡片 168
问题
What extra limits apply when transporting property for compensation under Part 107?
答案
The transport must stay wholly within one State, territory, or U.S. possession, or within the District of Columbia. It must also remain within visual line of sight, use no moving vehicle, and keep the aircraft plus property under 55 pounds.
卡片 169
问题
What is crew resource management?
答案
The effective use of people, equipment, and information to coordinate the operation and make safer decisions.
卡片 170
问题
What is density altitude?
答案
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. Operationally, it describes the air density the aircraft performs as though it were experiencing.
卡片 171
问题
May a Part 107 drone transmit with a transponder?
答案
Not unless the FAA authorizes or directs its use.
卡片 172
问题
How is a temporary flight restriction established?
答案
Through an FDC NOTAM that states the location, effective time, dimensions, altitudes, reason, and coordinating facility.
卡片 173
问题
What should a remote pilot do about birds or other wildlife near the route?
答案
Avoid known concentrations and migration activity, then divert or land before a conflict develops. Report any wildlife strike through the FAA Wildlife Strike Database or Form 5200-7.
卡片 174
问题
What is situational awareness?
答案
An accurate understanding of the aircraft, crew, environment, mission, and how those conditions are likely to change.
卡片 175
问题
What colors normally distinguish runway and taxiway markings?
答案
Runway markings are white; taxiway markings are yellow. Holding-position markings are also yellow, even when placed on a runway.
卡片 176
问题
How does high density altitude affect a small UAS?
答案
Thinner air reduces propeller, wing, and cooling performance, often lowering payload, climb rate, and endurance.
卡片 177
问题
What is single-pilot resource management?
答案
Managing every available resource before and during flight so one pilot can maintain awareness, control workload, assess risk, and decide well.
卡片 178
问题
Which conditions raise density altitude?
答案
Higher elevation or lower pressure, higher temperature, and higher humidity.
卡片 179
问题
What is the minimum age for a remote pilot certificate?
答案
- The applicant normally must also read, speak, write, and understand English and have no disqualifying physical or mental condition. If a medical reason prevents meeting an English requirement, the FAA may place operating limitations on the certificate.
卡片 180
问题
What is an early sign of task saturation?
答案
Working harder while accomplishing less, missing inputs, or fixating on one item. Stop, slow down, prioritize, and reduce workload.
卡片 181
问题
May ADS-B Out be transmitted during a Part 107 operation?
答案
Not unless the FAA authorizes or directs it. ADS-B Out is also not a substitute for Remote ID.
卡片 182
问题
Where should a pilot look for frequent parachute-jump activity?
答案
The sectional chart and current Chart Supplement, then current NOTAMs for time-sensitive activity.
卡片 183
问题
Why should a small UAS never fly beneath an unmanned free balloon?
答案
Its payload suspension or trailing antenna may be hard to see and extend below the balloon. Stay well clear rather than passing underneath.
卡片 184
问题
What personal equipment should a remote pilot prepare for night operations?
答案
Keep a reliable dimmable white or red flashlight, fresh or spare batteries, and needed charts and checklists accessible. This is an operator-equipment recommendation, separate from the aircraft-lighting rule in §107.29.
卡片 185
问题
Why does high humidity reduce aircraft performance?
答案
Moist air is less dense than dry air, so the propellers or wings produce less force under otherwise equal conditions.
卡片 186
问题
Why are external pressures dangerous?
答案
Schedule, client, money, or pride can make a pilot discount weather, condition, or skill limits. A preplanned cancellation rule protects the decision.
卡片 187
问题
May someone take the initial Part 107 knowledge test before age 16?
答案
Yes, at age 14 or older. Certificate eligibility still begins at age 16.
卡片 188
问题
What is the usual first-time certification path without a qualifying Part 61 certificate?
答案
Pass the initial Unmanned Aircraft General—Small knowledge test, then complete the FAA application and vetting process.
卡片 189
问题
Why can high temperature shorten a battery-powered flight?
答案
The aircraft may need more power in less-dense air while the battery and electronics face greater thermal stress.
卡片 190
问题
How should the anti-authority attitude be countered?
答案
Pause and follow the applicable rule or procedure; do not dismiss it merely because someone else imposed it.
卡片 191
问题
What is a TRSA?
答案
A Terminal Radar Service Area where participating pilots may receive additional radar services. Participation is voluntary, and the underlying airspace classes still control Part 107 authorization.
卡片 192
问题
What do common airport beacon colors identify?
答案
A white-and-green beacon identifies a lighted land airport; a white-and-yellow beacon identifies a lighted water airport or seaplane base; and a green-yellow-white beacon identifies a lighted heliport.
卡片 193
问题
What alternative initial path is available to a qualifying Part 61 pilot?
答案
With a current Part 61 certificate and a flight review within the preceding 24 calendar months, complete the FAA initial online course and identity-validation process.
卡片 194
问题
What can a rapidly falling barometric pressure signal?
答案
Approaching poor weather or a developing storm system. It is a trend to investigate, not a go/no-go answer by itself.
卡片 195
问题
How should impulsivity be countered?
答案
Slow down long enough to identify the hazard, options, and safest next action.
卡片 196
问题
What is a National Security Area?
答案
Airspace where pilots are asked to avoid flight to protect sensitive ground facilities; a NOTAM may temporarily make avoidance mandatory.
卡片 197
问题
What should a remote pilot extract from tower transmissions?
答案
Identify the aircraft, its position or runway, direction, altitude when stated, and the controller's instruction or the pilot's intention. Use that traffic picture to remain clear; monitoring does not authorize the UAS or replace visual vigilance.
卡片 198
问题
How recent must Part 107 aeronautical knowledge be?
答案
The remote pilot must have completed an accepted initial or recurrent path within the preceding 24 calendar months.
卡片 199
问题
How does a strong headwind affect the return leg?
答案
It lowers groundspeed and increases the time and energy needed to return. Plan reserve for the worst expected leg, not the easy outbound leg.
卡片 200
问题
How should invulnerability be countered?
答案
Treat the hazard as personally relevant: the same failure can happen on this flight.
卡片 201
问题
How do stable and unstable air usually differ?
答案
Stable air favors smooth conditions, stratiform clouds, haze, and steady precipitation; unstable air favors turbulence, vertical clouds, and showery precipitation.
卡片 202
问题
Which current FAA recurrent courses serve Part 107 pilots?
答案
ALC-677 is available to Part 107 certificate holders generally; ALC-515 is the recurrent path for a qualifying current Part 61 pilot with a current flight review.
卡片 203
问题
What is a published VFR route?
答案
A charted route for moving around, under, or through complex airspace. It does not by itself authorize a Part 107 operation.
卡片 204
问题
What do red, green, and white position lights reveal about a crewed aircraft?
答案
Red marks its left side, green its right side, and white its tail. Use the pattern to judge direction; red on your right and green on your left can indicate that the aircraft is coming toward you.
卡片 205
问题
How should a macho attitude be countered?
答案
Reject the need to prove skill by taking risk; conservative choices demonstrate sound command.
卡片 206
问题
What is a temperature inversion?
答案
A layer where temperature increases with altitude. It is stable and can trap fog, haze, smoke, and pollutants near the surface.
卡片 207
问题
How long can full dark adaptation take?
答案
About 30 minutes in darkness. Bright light can undo it within seconds, so protect night vision before and during the operation.
卡片 208
问题
Does a current remote pilot retake the UAG test for routine recency?
答案
No. Current FAA recurrent training is completed online; the old recurrent knowledge-test model is obsolete.
卡片 209
问题
What counts toward the 55-pound small-UA limit?
答案
The aircraft and everything on board or attached at takeoff, including payload, guards, lights, and a Remote ID module.
卡片 210
问题
How soon may an applicant retake a failed Part 107 knowledge test?
答案
After 14 calendar days.
卡片 211
问题
How do source regions shape an air mass?
答案
The source region sets the air mass's basic temperature and moisture: continental air is dry, maritime air is moist, polar air is cold, and tropical air is warm.
卡片 212
问题
How should resignation be countered?
答案
Identify the actions and resources still available; the pilot can change the outcome.
卡片 213
问题
What happens 30 days after a permanent mailing-address change?
答案
The remote pilot may no longer exercise certificate privileges until the FAA has been notified of the new address.
卡片 214
问题
How can dehydration or heat stress affect a remote pilot?
答案
It can cause headache, cramps, dizziness, fatigue, poor concentration, and eventually collapse. Hydrate, cool down, and stop before judgment degrades.
卡片 215
问题
Why must NOTAMs be checked even with a current sectional?
答案
They carry time-critical changes such as TFRs, closures, outages, hazards, and procedures that may not appear on the chart.
卡片 216
问题
How can precipitation static affect a small UAS?
答案
Charge from rain, snow, fog, dust, or similar particles can interfere with radios, sensors, or the control link. Avoid the condition and follow the aircraft's limits rather than relying on recovery after interference starts.
卡片 217
问题
How long may a temporary remote pilot certificate remain effective?
答案
Up to 120 calendar days. It ends sooner at the earliest of its printed expiration date, receipt of the permanent certificate, or receipt of notice that the sought certificate is denied or revoked.
卡片 218
问题
What can follow cheating on a Part 107 knowledge test?
答案
For one year, the person is prohibited from applying for any FAA certificate, rating, or authorization and from applying for or taking any FAA test. A held certificate or rating may also be suspended or revoked.
卡片 219
问题
How can operational stress affect a remote pilot?
答案
It can narrow attention, cause fixation or haste, and degrade judgment. Reduce workload, pause and reassess, or delay or cancel the flight when stress compromises safe decisions.
卡片 220
问题
What do basic runway and taxiway light colors mean?
答案
Runway edge lights are normally white and taxiway edge lights blue. Threshold lights show green toward an arriving aircraft, while runway-end lights show red toward the runway.
卡片 221
问题
What should a pilot do when hyperventilating?
答案
Recognize the rapid breathing, consciously slow the breathing rate, speak or breathe deliberately, and stop the operation if normal function does not return.
卡片 222
问题
What should a night-flight contingency plan decide?
答案
How to stop or land safely after loss of required lighting, visual orientation, control link, or a safe view of traffic and obstacles. Preselect a suitable recovery area and brief the trigger for ending the flight.
卡片 223
问题
What does a narrowing temperature–dew point spread suggest?
答案
Air is approaching saturation, increasing the chance of fog, low clouds, dew, or precipitation.
卡片 224
问题
Does a remote pilot certificate itself expire?
答案
No, but its privileges require current aeronautical knowledge within the preceding 24 calendar months.
卡片 225
问题
How do mandatory-instruction and location signs differ?
答案
Mandatory-instruction signs have a red background with a white inscription. Location signs have a black background with a yellow inscription and border.
卡片 226
问题
What is LAANC used for?
答案
It is an FAA system for requesting near-real-time Part 107 airspace authorization at participating facilities, subject to the published altitude grid and operating conditions.
卡片 227
问题
How should a new medication be handled before flight?
答案
Do not assume over-the-counter means safe. Check the condition and medication effects, allow time to identify side effects, and avoid flying if judgment or alertness may be impaired.
卡片 228
问题
What must a Part 107 waiver applicant demonstrate?
答案
That the proposed operation can be conducted safely under the waiver's terms and conditions.
卡片 229
问题
How can fog form near the surface?
答案
When air cools to its dew point, moisture is added, or moist air moves over a colder surface. Light wind can help mix a shallow layer; strong wind may lift it into low stratus.
卡片 230
问题
What must be checked after attaching a payload?
答案
Total weight, center of gravity, security of attachment, control response, power demand, clearances, and any category or manufacturer limits.
卡片 231
问题
Why can fatigue be hard to self-detect?
答案
It reduces attention, coordination, communication, and judgment while also weakening the person's ability to recognize that decline.
卡片 232
问题
What do common obstruction-lighting systems look like at night?
答案
Aviation-red systems show red lights at night. Flashing-white systems use white lights, with reduced night intensity where applicable. Dual systems use white lights by day and red lights at night.
卡片 233
问题
Does a Part 107 waiver suspend every operating rule?
答案
No. It applies only to the specifically waived sections and remains subject to all listed conditions and limitations.
卡片 234
问题
Does an airspace authorization waive other Part 107 rules?
答案
No. It permits the specified controlled-airspace operation but does not waive altitude, VLOS, weather, TFR, airport-interference, or other requirements.
卡片 235
问题
How should a Part 107 crew handle laser activity or illumination?
答案
Avoid known or NOTAMed laser activity. If the remote pilot or control station is illuminated, look away, protect vision, and land or terminate if vision or control is affected. If you witness a laser illuminate any aircraft, record useful details and report the incident through the applicable FAA channel.
卡片 236
问题
How should a pilot scan for traffic and obstacles?
答案
Use short, overlapping visual sectors with brief pauses instead of one continuous sweep, and move the scan between near and far areas.
卡片 237
问题
How should a remote pilot look for a dim object at night?
答案
Look about 5° to 10° to one side instead of staring straight at it. Off-center viewing puts the image on rod-rich retina outside the central night blind spot.
卡片 238
问题
What is prohibited regarding Part 107 certificates, records, and reports?
答案
Fraudulent or intentionally false statements, reproduction for a fraudulent purpose, and alteration.
卡片 239
问题
What kinds of Part 107 rules may an FAA waiver address?
答案
Only the rules listed in §107.205: moving operations; night or civil-twilight anti-collision lighting; VLOS, visual-observer, and one-aircraft limits; yielding and flight over people or moving vehicles; controlled-airspace authorization; and §107.51 operating limits. Moving-operation and VLOS waivers can't authorize compensated carriage of another person's property.
卡片 240
问题
When may a drone fly over a person without using Category 1–4?
答案
When the person directly participates in the operation, or is under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle that provides reasonable protection from a falling drone.
卡片 241
问题
What changes should be expected near a front?
答案
Temperature, wind, moisture, clouds, and precipitation can change quickly across the boundary between air masses.
卡片 242
问题
What is the first concern when operating near an airport traffic pattern?
答案
Avoid interfering with crewed-aircraft operations and maintain awareness of arrivals, departures, and the published traffic pattern.
卡片 243
问题
Does an older manufacture date automatically bar a drone from Part 107 use?
答案
No. It may operate if it meets all current requirements that apply to the operation, including registration, Remote ID, condition, and any operations-over-people category.
卡片 244
问题
What is autokinesis?
答案
A stationary light can appear to move when stared at against a dark background. Shift the gaze and use other references instead of fixating.
卡片 245
问题
Does Part 107 set one universal stand-off distance from people?
答案
No. The remote PIC selects and adjusts a safe distance from the aircraft's path, speed, maneuverability, environment, people, likely failures, and emergency landing options.
卡片 246
问题
Why is a battery reserve part of performance planning?
答案
Wind, temperature, maneuvering, holding, and an alternate landing area can consume more energy than the nominal mission estimate.
卡片 247
问题
What makes a microburst dangerous near the surface?
答案
It is an intense, localized downdraft that spreads outward at the surface, producing rapid vertical and horizontal wind shear with little low-altitude recovery margin.
卡片 248
问题
What makes a drone eligible for Category 1 operations over people?
答案
It must weigh 0.55 pound or less throughout the operation, including attachments, and have no exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin.
卡片 249
问题
How do buildings and terrain affect low-level wind?
答案
They can create gusts, rotors, downdrafts, and turbulence downwind. The stronger the wind and larger the obstacle, the greater the hazard.
卡片 250
问题
Why should a small UAS stay clear of smoke-stack and cooling-tower plumes?
答案
Visible or invisible hot exhaust can create turbulence, vertical shear, reduced visibility, contamination, and icing. Stay clear—preferably upwind—because the plume's extent is hard to predict.
卡片 251
问题
What is a false-horizon illusion?
答案
Sloping clouds, terrain, or lights can be mistaken for the true horizon, leading to an incorrect attitude judgment.
卡片 252
问题
What should an operations-over-people contingency plan decide?
答案
When to stop, divert, or land away from people after lost link, component failure, an eligibility-changing configuration issue, or unexpected crowd movement—and who will call and execute that action.
卡片 253
问题
From where is Part 107 flight visibility measured?
答案
From the location of the control station, not from a nearby airport weather sensor.
卡片 254
问题
What injury threshold defines Category 2 eligibility?
答案
The aircraft must not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the severity caused by transferring 11 foot-pounds of kinetic energy upon impact from a rigid object. It must also meet the rule's rotating-part and safety-defect requirements.
卡片 255
问题
What is the baseline source for small-UAS maintenance?
答案
The current manufacturer or builder instructions, supplemented by the operator's inspection and maintenance program for the actual use and environment.
卡片 256
问题
Why is low-level wind shear dangerous to a small UAS?
答案
A rapid change in wind speed or direction can abruptly change airspeed, lift, attitude, and ground track close to obstacles or terrain.
卡片 257
问题
Why are guy wires a serious low-altitude hazard?
答案
They can extend far from a tower and remain nearly invisible even in good weather. Give towers and their support systems wide clearance.
卡片 258
问题
What injury threshold defines Category 3 eligibility?
答案
The aircraft must not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the severity caused by transferring 25 foot-pounds of kinetic energy upon impact from a rigid object. It must also meet the rule's rotating-part and safety-defect requirements.
卡片 259
问题
Which data controls an aircraft's exact loading limits?
答案
The current manufacturer or builder operating instructions and limitations for that aircraft and configuration.
卡片 260
问题
Who may perform maintenance on a Part 107 small UAS?
答案
Part 107 generally doesn't require an FAA mechanic certificate. Follow manufacturer-required personnel or use someone with suitable expertise; Category 4 separately requires the person to have the knowledge, skill, and appropriate equipment under §107.140(c).
卡片 261
问题
What makes a tornado a no-go hazard for a small UAS?
答案
It combines extreme, rapidly changing winds, violent vertical motion, debris, and an unpredictable path. Stay well clear of any tornado or tornado-producing storm; don't try to observe it from the air.
卡片 262
问题
What is the core requirement for Category 4 operations over people?
答案
The aircraft must have an FAA airworthiness certificate and be operated and maintained under its approved operating limitations.
卡片 263
问题
What should Category 2 or 3 remote-pilot operating instructions tell the pilot?
答案
They should describe the system and its limitations; eligible categories and required components; allowed modifications; and how to verify or change the applicable configuration or operating mode.
卡片 264
问题
Why can an unlighted structure be more hazardous at night?
答案
Its silhouette and support wires may disappear against the background. Chart review, site inspection, lighting checks, and conservative separation become more important.
卡片 265
问题
Why is hail a no-go hazard for a small UAS?
答案
It can damage propellers, rotors, sensors, antennas, batteries, and the airframe, while nearby convective turbulence and downdrafts can overwhelm control. Avoid any storm producing or forecast to produce hail.
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问题
What performance check follows a repair or configuration change?
答案
Verify weight, balance, control response, power, links, sensors, and expected endurance in a safe environment before returning to the planned mission.
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问题
When may a Category 2 or 3 drone carry an optional component or payload?
答案
Only when the remote pilot operating instructions allow that component, payload, or modification for the declared configuration. It must remain securely attached and within every listed limitation.
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问题
What is the Part 107 response to an emergency airborne inspection of another aircraft?
答案
Stay clear and yield; don't improvise a close pass. Proximity, wake or downwash, stress, communications, separation, and escape-path risks can endanger both aircraft.
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问题
Why should a small UAS avoid lightning activity?
答案
A strike or nearby electrical discharge can damage electronics, interrupt navigation or control links, and injure people on the ground. Stay clear of thunderstorms and land or delay when lightning threatens the operating area.
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问题
For Part 107 Category 1, 2, or 4 sustained flight over an open-air assembly, which Remote ID methods qualify, and what is the Category 3 rule?
答案
Use either a Standard Remote ID aircraft that meets §89.110 or a broadcast-module operation that meets §89.115(a). A nonbroadcast FRIA operation under §89.115(b) does not qualify, and Category 3 operations over an open-air assembly are prohibited.
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问题
How do an operations-over-people MOC and DOC differ?
答案
An MOC is the FAA-accepted test, analysis, or inspection method. A DOC identifies that MOC and attests that the declared aircraft or configuration meets the applicable Category 2 or 3 and safety-defect requirements.
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问题
Why must frost or structural icing be removed before flight?
答案
It disrupts airflow, reduces lift, adds weight, increases drag, and can degrade propeller or control-surface performance.
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问题
What hazards peak in a mature thunderstorm?
答案
Strong updrafts and downdrafts, severe turbulence, gust fronts, microbursts, hail, lightning, heavy rain, and possible tornadoes. Avoid the storm rather than trying to judge a safe path through it.
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问题
Where may a Category 3 drone operate over people?
答案
At a closed or restricted-access site with notice to entrants, or without sustained flight over people except for participants or people protected by a structure or stationary vehicle.
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问题
What maintenance records are required for Category 4?
答案
Record the work, date, and person for one year or until the work is repeated or superseded. Retain life-limited-part, inspection, and airworthiness-directive status and transfer those status records with the aircraft.
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问题
What should the remote PIC evaluate when selecting an area for operations over people?
答案
Evaluate people, moving vehicles and vessels; terrain and structures; the planned path, aircraft performance, and maneuverability; weather; likely failures, escape routes, and emergency landing options; and the pilot's familiarity with the site. Reassess as conditions change.
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问题
When may a Category 4 drone operate over people inside moving vehicles?
答案
Only when the aircraft has the required airworthiness certificate and its operating limitations don't prohibit operations over people inside moving vehicles.
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问题
How can a modification affect operations-over-people eligibility?
答案
A change to weight, structure, rotating parts, software, or required components can invalidate the demonstrated category unless the current approval and instructions cover that configuration.
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问题
Are maintenance records useful when Part 107 doesn't require Category 4 records?
答案
Yes. FAA guidance recommends logging inspections, repairs, alterations, software changes, component time, and return-to-service checks. Category 4 has a separate mandatory record system.
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问题
What must be satisfied for a Part 107 operation over people at night?
答案
Both the applicable Subpart D category rules and §107.29 night rules must be met. The remote PIC needs the applicable night knowledge or training, and the aircraft must stay in an eligible configuration with any operating instructions followed and an anti-collision light visible for at least 3 statute miles with a sufficient flash rate.
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问题
How long must Category 2 or 3 MOC and DOC support records be kept?
答案
A DOC producer keeps supporting data for two years after production ends; a designer or modifier keeps it for two years after submitting the DOC. An MOC submitter keeps its description and justification while the MOC remains FAA-accepted.
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问题
What must the remote PIC check on a Category 2 or 3 aircraft?
答案
The required category label, FAA-accepted Declaration of Compliance listing, current operating instructions, required components, and condition for safe operation.
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问题
When may a Category 1, 2, or 3 drone operate over moving vehicles?
答案
At a closed- or restricted-access site where everyone inside a moving vehicle is on notice, or when the aircraft does not maintain sustained flight over moving vehicles. A brief, one-time transit can be incidental; hovering, circling, or repeated back-and-forth passes are sustained flight.
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问题
May a drone qualify for more than one operations-over-people category?
答案
Yes, but it must not be able to switch inadvertently into a configuration that fails the category being used.
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问题
Who becomes the applicant for a self-built or materially modified Category 2 or 3 drone?
答案
The person who produces, designs, builds from separate components, or makes an eligibility-changing modification. Before Category 2 or 3 operations, that applicant must show compliance through an FAA-accepted MOC and submit a new DOC.
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问题
What should follow maintenance before a normal mission?
答案
Document the work as appropriate, inspect the aircraft, verify correct assembly and software settings, and perform a controlled functional check.
